Measuring, modeling and mapping ecosystem services in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania

Fisher, Brendan; Turner, R. Kerry; Burgess, Neil D.; Swetnam, Ruth D.; Green, Jonathan; Green, Rhys E.; Kajembe, G. C.; Kulindwa, Kassim; Lewis, Simon L.; Marchant, Rob; Marshall, Andrew R.; Madoffe, S. S.; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.; Morse-Jones, Sian; Mwakalila, Shadrack; Paavola, Jouni; Naidoo, Robin; Ricketts, Taylor H.; Rouget, Mathieu; Willcock, Simon; White, Sue; Balmford, Andrew

doi:10.1177/0309133311422968

Cited by 85 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…FBD [75] also reported that the EAMs exhibit rapid land cover change, having lost 11% of their primary forests and 41% of their woodland vegetation since 1975. This conversion is driven by clearance for farmland, as well as by increasing demand for timber and fuel wood [40]. This supports the argument that land cover change was caused by the deforestation of woodland vegetation.…”

Section: Fifth Principal Component: Long-term Trend Of Land Usesupporting

confidence: 75%

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Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration to Infer Information about Hydrological Behaviour in a Data-Scarce Region

Wambura

Dietrich

Lischeid

2017

Water

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Information about the hydrological behaviour of a river basin prior to setting up, calibrating and validating a distributed hydrological model requires extensive datasets that are hardly available for many parts of the world due to insufficient monitoring networks. In this study, the focus was on prevailing spatio-temporal patterns of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) that enabled conclusions to be drawn about the hydrological behaviour and spatial peculiarities of a river basin at rather high spatial resolution. The prevailing spatio-temporal patterns of ET were identified using a principal component analysis of a time series of 644 images of MODIS ET covering the Wami River basin (Tanzania) between the years 2000 and 2013. The time series of the loadings on the principal components were analysed for seasonality and significant long-term trends. The spatial patterns of principal component scores were tested for significant correlation with elevations and slopes, and for differences between different soil texture and land use classes. The results inferred that the temporal and spatial patterns of ET were related to those of preceding rainfalls. At the end of the dry season, high ET was maintained only in areas of shallow groundwater and in cloud forest nature reserves. A region of clear reduction of ET in the long-term was related to massive land use change. The results also confirmed that most soil texture and land use classes differed significantly. Moreover, ET was exceptionally high in natural forests and loam soil, and very low in bushland and sandy-loam soil. Clearly, this approach has shown great potential of publicly available remote sensing data in providing a sound basis for water resources management as well as for distributed hydrological models in data-scarce river basins at lower latitudes.

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Section: Fifth Principal Component: Long-term Trend Of Land Usesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Natural forests which are predominantly located along the EAMs cover about 3%. The area of the EAMs is a globally important eco-region [38,39] and one of the world's hotspots of biological diversity [40,41]. Madoffe et al [42] reported that in the year 1900 there was three times the amount of natural forest cover compared to the 2000s.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration to Infer Information about Hydrological Behaviour in a Data-Scarce Region

Wambura

Dietrich

Lischeid

2017

Water

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“…The importance of geographic scale, spatial resolution, extent of study area, and local variations is shown by research that conveys the value of plot size in the determination of optimal soil covers in order to reduce soil runoff and loss [25]. The ecosystem services concept has been seen as a way of linking together the ecosystems of Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains and their impact on human welfare at multiple scales [26]. This multiscale perspective is particularly important when different stakeholders have different interests [13].…”

Section: Geographic Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Physical Geographers to Sustainability Research

Day

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:A physical geographers' scope of practice is not defined by any regulatory or academic organization, so perception of the potential contribution of physical geography to sustainability research has been nebulous or informal, at best. In order to understand what physical geographers can do to enhance sustainability, this paper describes a systematic review of peer-reviewed research on sustainability published in three physical geography journals. The results show that physical geographers are active in sustainability research in terms of a spatial perspective, an understanding of human interactions with the environment, and an ability to recognize, interpret, and project environmental change and its impacts. The depth of this understanding is facilitated by a physical geographers' understanding of the natural world, process and system concepts, the ways that systems are linked and interact, and a willingness to deploy a wide range of methodologies to secure that knowledge. The expertise of physical geographers makes an important contribution to sustainability research and should be considered when multidisciplinary teams are assembled.

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“…Hydrologically these mountains are of critical importance. Water flows from the forests throughout the year and provides services to millions of people, including c. 60% of Tanzania's electricity generation, and drinking water for at least 20% of the human population, .80% of Tanzanian industry, and much of the irrigated agriculture (Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, 2008;Fisher et al, 2010Fisher et al, , 2011. Most of the benefits from this water are realized far from the catchment forests where the water originates.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains

Lopa

Mwanyoka

Jambiya

et al. 2012

Oryx

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Sustaining the regular flow of water from mountain forests is important for downstream stakeholders in seasonally dry tropical countries, and a watershed payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme that links rural ecosystem service providers to urban water users through economic transfers may help to maintain water supply and forest habitat. A CARE/WWF project in the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania has established a pilot watershed PES scheme. We trace the development of this scheme and outline its initial impacts. Memoranda of Understanding between companies in Dar es Salaam (the downstream water users) and farmers in the mountains provide the framework to deliver tangible financial benefits to local people, help change patterns of land use and potentially improve water quality. A number of lessons learned from this project are relevant for similar schemes elsewhere in the region. Overcoming the various challenges is essential for expanding the current pilot project to a scale where it delivers measurable changes in water quality for downstream users.

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Measuring, modeling and mapping ecosystem services in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania

Cited by 85 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration to Infer Information about Hydrological Behaviour in a Data-Scarce Region

Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration to Infer Information about Hydrological Behaviour in a Data-Scarce Region

The Contribution of Physical Geographers to Sustainability Research

Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains

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