Measuring low-stress connectivity in terms of bike-accessible  jobs and potential bike-to-work trips: A case study evaluating alternative bike route alignments in northern Delaware

Furth, Peter G.; Putta, Theja; Moser, Paul K.

doi:10.5198/jtlu.2018.1159

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Research in respect to BLOS studies is mostly based on transport components, including segments [91,[167][168][169][170][171][172], nodes [63,[173][174][175] and networks [5,[176][177][178][179]. However, network-based BLOS studies compared to link and node studies require more extensive research [180][181][182][183][184]. Some factors, such as connectivity, the effects of the node on a link and vice versa and the full perception of cycling, can mainly be reflected through network-based evaluations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Scope of the Bicycle Level-of-Service Concept: A Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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Research into the bicycle level-of-service (BLOS) has been extensively conducted over the last three decades. This research has mostly focused on user perceptions of comfort to provide guidance for decision-makers and planners. Segments and nodes were studied first, followed by a network evaluation. Besides these investigations, several variables have also been utilized to depict the users’ perspectives within the BLOS field, along with other cycling research domains that simultaneously scrutinized the users’ preferences. This review investigates the variables and indices employed in the BLOS area in relation to the field of bicycle flow and comfort research. Despite general agreement among existing BLOS variables and the adopted indices, several important research gaps remain to be filled. First, BLOS indices are often categorized based on transport components, while scarce attention has been paid to BLOS studies in trip-end facilities such as bicycle parking facilities. The importance of these facilities has been highlighted instead within research related to comfort. Second, the advantages of separated bike facilities have been proven in many studies; however, scarce research has addressed the challenges associated with them (e.g., the heterogeneity within those facilities due to the presence of electric bikes and electric scooters). This issue is clearly noticeable within the research regarding flow studies. Furthermore, network evaluation (in comparison to segment and node indices) has been studied to a lesser extent, whereas issues such as connectivity can be evaluated mainly through a holistic approach to the system. This study takes one step toward demonstrating the importance of the integration of similar research domains in the BLOS field to eliminate the aforementioned shortcomings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Scope of the Bicycle Level-of-Service Concept: A Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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“…Parcel data (smaller than blocks) have been used for bicycle travel ( 11 ) and for walk access to a transit network ( 13 ). Conventional, auto-oriented transportation planning uses traffic analysis zones, which are roughly a third of a census tract and are composed of many blocks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This seminal work, which was applied in San Jose, CA, paid no attention to one-way restrictions, treating street segments as undirected links, since San Jose has few one-way streets. Similarly, Furth et al used undirected links in a low-stress network study in northern Delaware ( 11 ). Wilmington, a city in that region, has a dense grid of one-way streets, but the authors reasoned that permitting two-way travel on every link would barely distort connectivity because cyclists would almost always have a parallel route nearby with the same stress level.…”

Section: Low-stress Bike Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of One-Way Streets and Contraflow on Low-Stress Bicycle Network Connectivity

Putta

Furth

2021

Transportation Research Record

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One-way restrictions on local streets, which tend to have low traffic stress, can create a significant barrier to low-stress cycling. Contraflow, a treatment that undoes one-way restrictions on bike travel, has the potential to improve low-stress connectivity. Although contraflow is applied routinely in the Netherlands and Belgium, it has been sparingly applied in the United States. We propose refined measures of connectivity and accessibility that account for one-way restrictions by requiring a low-stress round trip path between origins and destinations. Different methods of associating origin–destination demand from polygons with a street network were analyzed. These methods are particularly important where there are one-way restrictions and irregular street networks because of the assumptions they entail in relation to first- and last-segment travel. In a case study of Greater Boston, we found that with the current bike network, low-stress connectivity between homes and jobs would increase from 1.2% to 8.7% if one-way restrictions on local streets were eliminated. We also found that even with a dense mesh of low-stress main bike routes, connectivity would still be 16% lower without contraflow on local streets than with. These results suggest that creating a network of main bike routes is not always enough; it is also important to provide contraflow on local streets. The Boston study also found that providing contraflow on selected links representing only 3% of local one-way street mileage delivered 40% of the connectivity impact of universal contraflow. Based on this finding, a method is proposed for prioritizing streets for contraflow conversion.

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“…Manual for Bicycle Traffic [46]. The original methodology was developed in connection with a report from Mekuria et al in 2012 for the California Department of Transportation and received minor modifications in 2018 [31,40]. Criteria for allocation to each category is made according to the posted speed limit, number of lanes, AADT, and the provision of separate infrastructure, such as bicycle lanes and paths.…”

Section: Level Of Traffic Stress (Lts) Is a Four-level Blos Methods Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicycle Level of Service for Route Choice—A GIS Evaluation of Four Existing Indicators with Empirical Data

Pritchard

Frøyen

Snizek³

2019

IJGI

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Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS) indicators are used to provide objective ratings of the bicycle suitability (or quality) of links or intersections in transport networks. This article uses empirical bicycle route choice data from 467 university students in Trondheim, Norway to test the applicability of BLOS rating schemes for the estimation of whole-journey route choice. The methods evaluated share a common trait of being applicable for mixed traffic urban environments: Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI), Bicycle Stress Level (BSL), Sixth Edition Highway Capacity Manual (HCM6), and Level of Traffic Stress (LTS). Routes are generated based on BLOS-weighted networks and the suitability of these routes is determined by finding the percentage overlap with empirical route choices. The results show that BCI provides the best match with empirical route data in all five origin–destination pairs, followed by HCM6. BSL and LTS which are not empirically founded have a lower match rate, although the differences between the four methods are relatively small. By iterating the detour rate that cyclists are assumed to be willing to make, it is found that the best match with modelled BLOS routes is achieved between 15 and 21% additional length. This falls within the range suggested by existing empirical research on willingness to deviate from the shortest path, however, it is uncertain whether the method will deliver the comparable findings in other cycling environments.

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Measuring low-stress connectivity in terms of bike-accessible jobs and potential bike-to-work trips: A case study evaluating alternative bike route alignments in northern Delaware

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Expanding the Scope of the Bicycle Level-of-Service Concept: A Review of the Literature

Expanding the Scope of the Bicycle Level-of-Service Concept: A Review of the Literature

Impact of One-Way Streets and Contraflow on Low-Stress Bicycle Network Connectivity

Bicycle Level of Service for Route Choice—A GIS Evaluation of Four Existing Indicators with Empirical Data

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