Measuring Intelligence with the Sandia Matrices: Psychometric Review and Recommendations for Free Raven-Like Item Sets

Harris, Alexandra M; McMillan, Jeremiah; Listyg, Benjamin; Matzen, Laura E.; Carter, Nathan

doi:10.25035/pad.2020.03.006

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fluid nonverbal reasoning was measured with a short version (10 items) of the Sandia Matrices test (see Harris et al 2020 ; Matzen et al 2010 ), that assesses reasoning abilities with typical figural matrices tasks where one has to understand the patterns in a set of drawings and choose the most appropriate answer (a drawing that continues the pattern) from eight answer options. The internal consistency of the test, measured with Chronbach’s alpha, was α = 0.72.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study the Self-management scale is negatively correlated to the students' self-evaluations of their perceived difficulty to deal with distance learning (r = −0.12, p < 0.01), indicating the validity of the scale. (3) Fluid nonverbal reasoning was measured with a short version (10 items) of the Sandia Matrices test (see Harris et al 2020;Matzen et al 2010), that assesses reasoning abilities with typical figural matrices tasks where one has to understand the patterns in a set of drawings and choose the most appropriate answer (a drawing that continues the pattern) from eight answer options. The internal consistency of the test, measured with Chronbach's alpha, was α = 0.72.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexibility to Change the Solution: An Indicator of Problem Solving That Predicted 9th Grade Students’ Academic Achievement during Distance Learning, in Parallel to Reasoning Abilities and Parental Education

Hačatrjana

2022

J. Intell.

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The relation between academic achievement and various measurements of cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills and self-managed learning has been established in the research before the COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning. The aim of the current research was to analyze the extent to which these aspects predicted the educational achievement of 9th grade students (mean age 15.4 years) during distance learning, when students had to do relatively more tasks independently, organize their daily learning and deal with problems on their own. Relations between self-assessed problem-solving skills, self-management skills, tests of reasoning abilities and the results of diagnostic tests in Mathematics and Latvian were analyzed for n = 256 and n = 244 students, respectively. The results show that: (1) diagnostic test results in Mathematics are best predicted by the parental education level, fluid nonverbal reasoning and verbal reasoning; (2) the best predictors for the results in the diagnostic test in Latvian are parental education, flexibility to change the solution, fluid nonverbal reasoning and verbal reasoning; (3) self-management cannot significantly predict the results of either of the two tests, although it correlates to the results of the tests in both Mathematics and Latvian; (4) only one of the aspects of problem-solving, flexibility to change the solution, can significantly predict results in diagnostic tests. The results confirm the significance of cognitive abilities as an important predictor of academic achievement, as well as the role of parents’ education level. The results also suggest that the flexibility to change the solution, an aspect of problem-solving, might play a role in students’ success in academic tests.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility to Change the Solution: An Indicator of Problem Solving That Predicted 9th Grade Students’ Academic Achievement during Distance Learning, in Parallel to Reasoning Abilities and Parental Education

Hačatrjana

2022

J. Intell.

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“…3. Nonverbal reasoning abilities were measured with a short version (10 items) of Sandia Matrices test (see Harris et al, 2020) using figural matrices tasks where the individual has to understand the patterns existing in a set of figures and choose what kind of symbol continues the pattern, internal consistency was α = 0.72. 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data of Students’ Skills and Academic Achievement Assessed During Covid-19 Indicate Risks for Inequality

Hačatrjana¹

2022

Human, Technologies and Quality of Education, 2022

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International research reports have indicated inequality risks for students’ future success due to COVID-19 pandemic, including risk of dropping out of school and risk of learning losses. Group differences in students’ skills and opportunities have been revealed way before pandemic, and the pandemic itself can contribute as a facilitating factor for the increase of these differences. In this research 952 students in the 9th grade were assessed during distance learning in Latvia. Data were analysed regarding group differences, as well as students’ decisions about continuing education after the primary school. Results show that: 1) Students who had participated in individual face-to-face consultations showed lower verbal and nonverbal reasoning skills, lower grades in four previous study semesters, and had parents with lower education compared to students who had not participated in individual consultations, indicating the importance for such individual support mechanisms for the students facing difficulties; 2) Students with lower parental education level had lower average grades in four previous semesters, lower verbal reasoning and nonverbal reasoning abilities, self-management and problem-solving skills; 3) Girls had higher average grades in all four consecutive semesters and higher problem-solving and self-management skills, compared to boys; 4) Pandemic affected students’ decisions about continuing studies after the 9th grade mostly for those students who had thought about changing the school or the location of school.

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“…Pathfinder-PL with free computerised resources to measure intelligence, such as Sandia (Harris et al, 2020), seems a good idea for future studies. We had, however, good reasons for not involving these measures in our study: first of all, most Polish intelligence tests are not available in computerised versions, and, consequently, they are not tested for online modes.…”

Section: Directions For Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Intelligence Measurement Online: Adaptation and Validation of the Polish Version of the Pathfinder General Cognitive Ability Test

Muszyński¹,

Banasik-Jemielniak²,

Żółtak³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Online measurement is on the rise in every subdiscipline of the major social sciences, such as psychology, sociology or educational studies. This trend may stem from the numerous advantages offered by this mode of data collection, including the facts that it is cost-efficient and enables the collection of large and diversified samples quickly. However, online studies have their own requirements, and one of them is having measurement tools available that have been adapted for online assessment in terms of their design, length, and attractiveness and are as valid and reliable as their traditional counterparts. These new needs in intelligence research were recently addressed by the creation of Pathfinder, a novel online, gamified, psychometrically sound general cognitive ability (g-score) measure. In this article, we aimed to offer further validation for and proof of concept of Pathfinder by presenting the results of its first language adaptation. The results of our adaptation showed that the Polish version of Pathfinder is a reliable and valid measurement tool suited for several research conditions. They therefore supported the applicability of Pathfinder for different linguistic and cultural contexts.

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Measuring Intelligence with the Sandia Matrices: Psychometric Review and Recommendations for Free Raven-Like Item Sets

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Flexibility to Change the Solution: An Indicator of Problem Solving That Predicted 9th Grade Students’ Academic Achievement during Distance Learning, in Parallel to Reasoning Abilities and Parental Education

Flexibility to Change the Solution: An Indicator of Problem Solving That Predicted 9th Grade Students’ Academic Achievement during Distance Learning, in Parallel to Reasoning Abilities and Parental Education

Data of Students’ Skills and Academic Achievement Assessed During Covid-19 Indicate Risks for Inequality

Moving Intelligence Measurement Online: Adaptation and Validation of the Polish Version of the Pathfinder General Cognitive Ability Test

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