Measuring HIV-related Stigma Among Chinese Service Providers: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Multidimensional Scale

Stein, Judith A.; Li, Li

doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9339-z

Cited by 51 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…A number of instruments designed to measure HIVrelated stigma in the general population and among special groups (e.g., healthcare workers) have been developed and validated in multiple languages (Genberg et al 2007;Kalichman et al 2005;Stein and Li 2007;Tanzania Stigma-Indicators Field Test Group 2005;Van Rie et al 2008;Zelaya et al 2007); however, no tool designed to measure HIV-related stigma specifically among persons living with HIV has yet, to the authors' knowledge, been validated and published in Spanish (Berger et al 2001;Holzemer et al 2007;Sayles et al 2008;Tanzania StigmaIndicators Field Test Group 2005;Visser et al 2008). In the United States, Hispanics represent nearly 20% of all people living with AIDS (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007), and an estimated 1.7 million HIVinfected persons reside in Latin America (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006), where Spanish is the predominant language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and Abbreviation of an HIV Stigma Scale in an Adult Spanish-Speaking Population in Urban Peru

et al. 2008

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The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale in an urban Spanish-speaking population in Peru and create a valid and reliable abridged version of the scale. Participants were HIV-infected adults enrolled in an observational study to examine the effectiveness of a community-based antiretroviral therapy adherence intervention. Approximately half of participants were female, and the median age at enrollment was 30.5 years. The Spanish version of the full HIV Stigma Scale was internally reliable, demonstrated good construct validity, and was sensitive to change over time. The full HIV Stigma Scale was abbreviated by removing items that impaired subscale internal reliability, did not correlate with other subscale items, or demonstrated low factor correlations. The resulting abridged scale contained 21 of the 40 original items and revealed properties similar to the full Spanish version.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and Abbreviation of an HIV Stigma Scale in an Adult Spanish-Speaking Population in Urban Peru

et al. 2008

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“…Previous work on PLWH suggests that five stigma-related constructs-internalized shame, belief in good care, fear, prejudice, and stereotypesplay roles in physicians' intentions to discriminate against PLWH. 34,35 For example, prior research in Malaysia among medical and dental students showed greater intention to discriminate against PLWH to be associated with more negative attitudes toward PLWH, greater levels of HIV-related shame, 62 VIJAY ET AL.…”

Section: Stigma-related Correlates Of Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 This scale has been previously used in the context of discrimination toward PLWH among medical and dental students in Malaysia 35 and healthcare providers in China. 34 We adapted the scale by substituting the term ''transgender patients'' for ''patients living with HIV/ AIDS'' for all items. The scale included four items, which participants rate on a Likert-type scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5).…”

Section: Intention To Discriminatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These constructs were identified in previous work by Stein and Li as particularly important predictors of discrimination toward PLWH in healthcare settings based on HIV stigma theory and research. 34 Other work further suggests that these five constructs play key roles in discrimination toward people living with a wide range of stigmatized identities in healthcare settings. 36,42 Scale items were adapted from the Stein and Li stigma scale 34 to refer to transgender patients using the methods of Earnshaw et al 34,35 Each construct was measured on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Stigma-related Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with Medical Doctors' Intentions to Discriminate Against Transgender Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

et al. 2018

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Purpose: Transgender people are frequent targets of discrimination. Discrimination against transgender people in the context of healthcare can lead to poor health outcomes and facilitate the growth of health disparities. This study explores factors associated with medical doctors' intentions to discriminate against transgender people in Malaysia. Methods: A total of 436 physicians at two major university medical centers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed an online survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, stigma-related constructs, and intentions to discriminate against transgender people were measured. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate independent covariates of discrimination intent. Results: Medical doctors who felt more fearful of transgender people and more personal shame associated with transgender people expressed greater intention to discriminate against transgender people, whereas doctors who endorsed the belief that transgender people deserve good care reported lower discrimination intent. Stigma-related constructs accounted for 42% of the variance and 8% was accounted for by sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions: Constructs associated with transgender stigma play an important role in medical doctors' intentions to discriminate against transgender patients. Development of interventions to improve medical doctors' knowledge about and attitudes toward transgender people are necessary to reduce discriminatory intent in healthcare settings.

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“…Recently, there has been an increase in the literature on HIV-stigma, as the issue has gained visibility and greater conceptual clarity (Nyblade et al, 2013;Stein and Li 2008;Akanbi et al, 2010). A significant challenge to the success of achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support by 2010 is HIV-AIDS stigma and discrimination (Emmanuel et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of perceived stigmatizing and discriminating attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in Nigeria

Shodimu¹,

Yusuf²,

Akinyemi³

et al. 2017

J. AIDS HIV Res.

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Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndromes (HIV/AIDS)-related stigmatization and discrimination have been acknowledged as an impediment to mitigating the HIV epidemic and little is known about its contributory factors in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated factors associated with HIV/AIDS perceived stigmatization and discrimination among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of data on 15,639 women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) collected during the National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus II) conducted in 2012. Perceived stigma was measured using specific questions and scored as follows: less or equal to 3 points (low stigma), 4 to 6 points (moderate stigma) and greater than or equal to 7 points (high stigma). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics while chi square test was used to assess significance of association of qualitative variables and level of stigma. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to determine variables associated with stigma at 5% level of significance. The mean age of women was 29 ± 9.54 years. About 44, 21 and 35% reported low, moderate and high stigma, respectively. Level of education and HIV knowledge were significantly associated with perceived stigmatization (p<0.001). Respondents with poor HIV knowledge were three times more likely to report high level of stigma (odd ratio (OR) = 3.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.54 -4.49, p< 0.001). In addition, respondents with primary education were 4 times more likely to report high stigma when compared with those that have higher education (OR = 3.80, 95% CI = 2.36-6.13, p <0.001). Perceived HIV/AIDS-related stigmatization was common among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Low education level, condom and antiretroviral drug awareness were significantly related to perceived stigmatization among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.

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Measuring HIV-related Stigma Among Chinese Service Providers: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of a Multidimensional Scale

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Validation and Abbreviation of an HIV Stigma Scale in an Adult Spanish-Speaking Population in Urban Peru

Validation and Abbreviation of an HIV Stigma Scale in an Adult Spanish-Speaking Population in Urban Peru

Factors Associated with Medical Doctors' Intentions to Discriminate Against Transgender Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Determinants of perceived stigmatizing and discriminating attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age in Nigeria

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