Measuring Concentrations of Ammonia in Ambient Air or Exhaust Air Stream using Acid Traps

Ndegwa, Pius M.; Vaddella, Venkata; Hristov, A.N.; Joo, Hung-Soo

doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0211

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…For the outdoor study however, the wind probably caused NH 3 dispersion to the atmosphere, possibly diminishing the quantity of NH 3 reaching the acid traps. For example, Ndegwa and Vaddella (2009) evaluated the efficiency of acid traps in capturing NH 3 at two different airflow rates (0.5 and 1.0 L min −1 ) and found that the efficiency was significantly greater at the lower airflow rate. Also, for the indoor study, immobilization of N was not favored since the packed soils trays had no vegetation, while the presence of vegetation in the outdoor study might have influenced biological processes, causing N immobilization, thus reducing the magnitude of NH 3 losses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Low‐Cost Methods for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization

Shigaki

Dell

2015

Agronomy Journal

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Nitrogen fertilizer use to improve crop production is increasing worldwide, and subsequent N losses via NH 3 emissions generate undesirable economic and environmental consequences. Th us, low cost and practical methods to quantify NH 3 emissions are essential for the development of management practices that minimize environmental impacts. Th e objective of this study was to compare diff erent methods to quantify NH 3 loss following urea application to a grass fi eld and indoor soil boxes. Th e methods tested were: semi-open chamber (SOC), open-collector (OC), closed chamber (CC), and a recirculating chamber (RC). Th e SOC and OC were shown to be equally effi cient. Cumulative recoveries through 216 h for the outdoor study were 9.5 and 8.5 kg NH 3 -N ha -1 for OC and SOC (respectively), corresponding to 8 and 7% of the applied N. Th e closed-chamber recovered only 3.6% of applied N. For the indoor study, higher recovery rates were observed with all methods. Cumulative losses measured through 216 h did not diff er between SOC and OC (24.4 and 24.9 kg NH 3 -N, respectively) and represented about 20% of N applied. However RC and CC recovered 10 to 12% of the applied N (14.8 and 12 kg NH 3 -N ha -1 , respectively), which was signifi cantly less than amounts recovered with OC and SOC. Results from this study showed that SOCs and OCs are simple, practical, and low cost tools for quantifying NH 3 emissions either for indoor and outdoor studies compared with closed and recirculating chambers which presented disadvantages such as low NH 3 recovery and higher costs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Low‐Cost Methods for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization

Shigaki

Dell

2015

Agronomy Journal

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“…Table 1 3 -N captured in the acid trap was generally low. Recovery was even lower in the initial stages of the incubation (on average, 19.2 ± 0.72% during the first 3 days of incubation) suggesting that: (1) the acid trap did not effectively capture NH 3 -N emitted from manure, particularly when emissions were most intensive, or (2) N was being lost from manure in forms other than NH 3 -N. We have investigated the factors affecting the NH 3 -N trapping efficiency of acid solutions and reported that efficiency decreases with increasing the amount of NH 3 -N being emitted [13]. Decreased trapping efficiency, however, could not explain the large discrepancy between manure N losses and NH 3 -N captured in the acid trap in Exp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation and Origin of Ammonia Nitrogen Volatilized from Cattle Manure in Simulated Storage

et al. 2011

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A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to establish the relationship between nitrogen (N) isotope composition of cattle manure and ammonia emissions, potential contribution of nitrogenous gases other than ammonia to manure N volatilization losses, and to determine the relative contribution of urinary-vs. fecal-N to ammonia emissions during the initial stage of manure storage. Data confirmed that ammonia volatilization losses from manure are most intensive during the first 2 to 3 days of storage and this coincides with a very rapid loss (hydrolysis) of urinary urea. Long-term (30 days) monitoring of δ 15 N of manure and emitted ammonia indicated that the dynamics of N isotope fractionation may be complicating the usefulness of the isotope approach as a tool for estimating ammonia emissions from manure in field conditions. The relationship between δ 15 N of manure and ammonia emission appears to be linear during the initial stages of manure storage (when most of the ammonia losses occur) and should be further investigated. These experiments demonstrated that the main source of ammonia-N volatilized from cattle manure during the initial 10 days of storage is urinary-N, representing on average 90% of the emitted ammonia-N. The contribution of fecal-N was relatively low, but gradually increased to about 10% by day 10. There appears to be substantial emissions of nitrogenous gases other than ammonia, most likely dinitrogen gas, which may account for up to 25% of N losses during the first 20 days of manure storage. This finding, which has to be confirmed in laboratory and field conditions, may be indicative of overestimation of ammonia emissions from cattle operations by the current emissions factors. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2011, 2 257

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“…Instead of the individual animal approaches, ammonia emissions could be measured directly in animal houses with different compartments containing animals receiving different diets. Measurements can either be done in the barn air or in exhaust air chimneys (Ndegwa et al, 2009). The latter is difficult to achieve in ruminants as forced exhaust air systems are not common.…”

Section: Methods To Measure N Emissions From Manurementioning

confidence: 99%