Measuring and qualifying optical performance of AR/VR/MR device displays and addressing the unique visual requirements of transparent AR/MR displays

Eisenberg, Eric; Jensen, Jens F.

doi:10.1117/12.2546613

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In this work, checkerboard contrast ratio and luminescence uniformity of the diffractive waveguides are evaluated and compared. Furthermore, modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement is used as another tool to assess the optical performance of the replicated samples 5 – 8 This method provides a precise and quantitative measure of resolution in waveguides and help manufacturers pinpoint subtle differences in fabrication quality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling mass manufacturing of industry-standard optical waveguide combiners

Steiner,

Jotz,

Bachhuber

et al. 2023

J. Optical Microsystems

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.Nanoimprinting of surface-relief grating-based waveguides has the potential to produce one of the industry-leading augmented reality (AR) smart glasses, but there are still many challenges in the design, scaling, and reproducibility of these imprinted waveguides. A promising path toward mass manufacturing of optical waveguide combiners is via large-area nanoimprinting. Here, we present the complete value chain with partners involved throughout the process: from design, mastering, and materials to imprinting and metrology, to prove that this method improves not only the manufacturing throughput but also the waveguide quality. We demonstrate that the replication and image quality are true to the intended design using large area, high refractive index (n = 1.9), square (300 mm × 300 mm) glass substrates with high-refractive index resins (n = 1.9). This is shown to be valid for over 100 replications and for large area nanoimprinting (Gen5, 1100 mm × 1300 mm). Our goal is to demonstrate a viable path toward high-volume and low-cost manufacturing of AR waveguides based on surface relief gratings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling mass manufacturing of industry-standard optical waveguide combiners

Steiner,

Jotz,

Bachhuber

et al. 2023

J. Optical Microsystems

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“…The third is process optimization. [83] The last is to design a new device structure. Kambe et al [84] demonstrated a micro-OLED device with a new structure consisting of a thick ETL and a thin HTL.…”

Section: Reliability and Cost Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third is process optimization. [ 83 ] The last is to design a new device structure. Kambe et al.…”

Section: Microdisplays In Novel Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microdisplays: Mini‐LED, Micro‐OLED, and Micro‐LED

Miao

Hsiao

Sheng

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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The field of next‐generation microdisplays is flourishing. Relevant display technologies, such as mini‐light emission diodes (mini‐LEDs), micro‐organic light emission diodes (micro‐OLEDs), and micro‐light emission diodes (micro‐LEDs) are thus in the urgent stage of development. From this perspective, comprehensive and systematical analyzes are conducted for the aforesaid microdisplay configurations. A holistic view of microdisplay technologies is developed with the corresponding performance metrics, providing a path for miscellaneous scenarios. Among these scenarios, the applications in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), wearable devices, and head‐up displays (HUD) are currently attracting considerable attention for deeper human‐digital interactions. However, there is a multiplicity of obstacles and challenges hindering such development. Nevertheless, recent advances in microdisplay technologies hold tremendous promise for the paradigms of these applications, taking a leap forward for next‐generation microdisplays. This review presents perspectives, relevant materials, and the technology landscape for such ongoing display technologies, offering guidance on the design of advanced microdisplays.

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“…Here in this work, checkerboard contrast ratio and luminescence uniformity of the diffractive waveguides are evaluated and compared. Furthermore, modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement is used as another tool to assess the optical performance of the replicated samples [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Waveguide Optics Metrology By Optofidelitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling the Metaverse through mass manufacturing of industry-standard optical waveguide combiners

Steiner

Jotz

Bachhuber

et al. 2023

Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR) IV

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Nanoimprinting of surface-relief grating-based waveguides has the potential to result in the best performing Augmented Reality (AR) smart glasses, but there are still many challenges in the design, scaling, and reproducibility of these imprinted waveguides. We presented a promising path toward mass manufacturing of optical waveguide combiners via large-area nanoimprinting at SPIE AR/VR/MR 2022. This alternative route for manufacturing surface-relief gratings on a larger area generated much interest.This follow-up paper presents a further optimized design based on the lessons learned from the previous paper, with a particular focus on quality. The complete value chain with partners is involved throughout the process of this iterative update: from design, mastering, and materials to imprinting and metrology, to prove that this method improves not only the manufacturing throughput but also the waveguide quality. We demonstrate that both the replication and image quality is true to the intended design using large area, high refractive index (1.9 RI), square (300 x 300mm) glass substrates with high refractive index resins (1.9 RI). Our objective is to further establish this new approach towards high-volume and low-cost manufacturing of waveguides based on surface relief gratings as a viable path forward for enabling the Metaverse.

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Measuring and qualifying optical performance of AR/VR/MR device displays and addressing the unique visual requirements of transparent AR/MR displays

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Enabling mass manufacturing of industry-standard optical waveguide combiners

Enabling mass manufacturing of industry-standard optical waveguide combiners

Microdisplays: Mini‐LED, Micro‐OLED, and Micro‐LED

Enabling the Metaverse through mass manufacturing of industry-standard optical waveguide combiners

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