“…In countries with long-term BF scheme operation, recent issues and developments include: river hydrology and clogging (Martin 2013; Grischek and Bartak 2016), economic and/or technical optimization, modeling redox processes responsible for iron and manganese release and attenuation of micropollutants (Sharma et al 2012a, b;Henzler et al 2016), innovative sensing and management schemes (Rossetto et al 2015), adaptation to changing conditions such as water demand and climate change (e.g. Gross-Wittke et al 2010, Sprenger et al 2011, Schoenheinz and Grischek 2011, measures to protect against flooding (Sandhu et al 2018), and combination with sophisticated post-treatment techniques (AquaNES 2016)-more examples are shown in ESM2.…”
The last 60 years has seen unprecedented groundwater extraction and overdraft as well as development of new technologies for water treatment that together drive the advance in intentional groundwater replenishment known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This paper is the first known attempt to quantify the volume of MAR at global scale, and to illustrate the advancement of all the major types of MAR and relate these to research and regulatory advancements. Faced with changing climate and rising intensity of climate extremes, MAR is an increasingly important water management strategy, alongside demand management, to maintain, enhance and secure stressed groundwater systems and to protect and improve water quality. During this time, scientific research-on hydraulic design of facilities, tracer studies, managing clogging, recovery efficiency and water quality changes in aquifers-has underpinned practical improvements in MAR and has had broader benefits in hydrogeology. Recharge wells have greatly accelerated recharge, particularly in urban areas and for mine water management. In recent years, research into governance, operating practices, reliability, economics, risk assessment and public acceptance of MAR has been undertaken. Since the 1960s, implementation of MAR has accelerated at a rate of 5%/year, but is not keeping pace with increasing groundwater extraction. Currently, MAR has reached an estimated 10 km 3 /year,~2.4% of groundwater extraction in countries reporting MAR (or~1.0% of global groundwater extraction). MAR is likely to exceed 10% of global extraction, based on experience where MAR is more advanced, to sustain quantity, reliability and quality of water supplies. Keywords Managed aquifer recharge. Artificial recharge. Review. Water banking. History of hydrogeology This article is one of a series developed by the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge
“…In countries with long-term BF scheme operation, recent issues and developments include: river hydrology and clogging (Martin 2013; Grischek and Bartak 2016), economic and/or technical optimization, modeling redox processes responsible for iron and manganese release and attenuation of micropollutants (Sharma et al 2012a, b;Henzler et al 2016), innovative sensing and management schemes (Rossetto et al 2015), adaptation to changing conditions such as water demand and climate change (e.g. Gross-Wittke et al 2010, Sprenger et al 2011, Schoenheinz and Grischek 2011, measures to protect against flooding (Sandhu et al 2018), and combination with sophisticated post-treatment techniques (AquaNES 2016)-more examples are shown in ESM2.…”
The last 60 years has seen unprecedented groundwater extraction and overdraft as well as development of new technologies for water treatment that together drive the advance in intentional groundwater replenishment known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This paper is the first known attempt to quantify the volume of MAR at global scale, and to illustrate the advancement of all the major types of MAR and relate these to research and regulatory advancements. Faced with changing climate and rising intensity of climate extremes, MAR is an increasingly important water management strategy, alongside demand management, to maintain, enhance and secure stressed groundwater systems and to protect and improve water quality. During this time, scientific research-on hydraulic design of facilities, tracer studies, managing clogging, recovery efficiency and water quality changes in aquifers-has underpinned practical improvements in MAR and has had broader benefits in hydrogeology. Recharge wells have greatly accelerated recharge, particularly in urban areas and for mine water management. In recent years, research into governance, operating practices, reliability, economics, risk assessment and public acceptance of MAR has been undertaken. Since the 1960s, implementation of MAR has accelerated at a rate of 5%/year, but is not keeping pace with increasing groundwater extraction. Currently, MAR has reached an estimated 10 km 3 /year,~2.4% of groundwater extraction in countries reporting MAR (or~1.0% of global groundwater extraction). MAR is likely to exceed 10% of global extraction, based on experience where MAR is more advanced, to sustain quantity, reliability and quality of water supplies. Keywords Managed aquifer recharge. Artificial recharge. Review. Water banking. History of hydrogeology This article is one of a series developed by the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge
“…Then, a rapid decrease of the temperature at 11 m and 20 m was observed (starting on April 25, 2019) and temperatures < 5°C were reached within a 2-day to 3-day period. As EC remained approximately 500 µS/cm, this is evidencing the existence of short travel times between Lake A and PZ-2, which are of major concern for the evolution of water quality at bank filtration sites (Sandhu et al, 2018).…”
“…Several field studies have reported the potential removal of pathogens [4][5][6] during Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). High pathogen removals (>3 log 10 ) have been reported for MAR systems using TWW [7][8][9][10], with microbiological indicators rarely detected in groundwater beneath the infiltration basins. However, many of these studies have not properly accounted for the censored data sets.…”
Treated wastewater (TWW) infiltration into non-potable aquifers has been used for decades in Western Australia for disposal and reuse. These wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mostly pond systems, infiltrating secondary TWW with some activated sludge. There is no disinfection of TWW pre-infiltration. This study gave an opportunity to study the fate of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in aquifers, using compliance monitoring data (2006–2016) and is relevant if water reuse is to be implemented at these sites in the future. Microbiological water quality data (E. coli) were evaluated using an advanced statistical method able to incorporate the highly censored data at full scale operational infiltration sites. Subsurface E. coli removal from TWW was observed at all 17 infiltration sites investigated. Most sites (14) had less than six detections of E. coli in groundwater (58–100% non-detects; 7–117 samples/bore), thus the statistical method could not be applied. The observations could be used to infer between 1 to >3 log10 removal for E. coli. The remaining three sites had sufficient detections for probabilistic modelling analysis, the median removal efficiency for E. coli was quantified as 96% to greater than 99%, confirming at least 1 log10 removal with potential for several log10 removal. Reductions could not be explained through dilution with the native groundwater alone as there was a high proportion of TWW in observation bores. The observed reductions are likely the result of bacteria retention and inactivation in the aquifer. The magnitude of microbiological water quality improvement highlights the sustainable and reliable use of the aquifer to improve water quality to levels appropriate for low- and medium-risk non-potable uses without using engineered disinfection methods.
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