Measures of carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function in midlife: The Jerusalem LRC longitudinal study

Cohen‐Manheim, Irit; Pinchas-Mizrachi, Ronit; Doniger, Glen M.; Simon, Ely S.; Sinnreich, Ronit; Kark, Jeremy D.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.05.003

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“… 9 , 35 For example, declining cognitive function was associated with carotid plaque area but not luminal narrowing, 10 or carotid volume flow. 36 Removal of tight stenosis by carotid endarterectomy did not affect cognitive decline five years later. 15 Carotid IMT, which was associated with vascular stiffening not stenosis, was associated with dementia, 11 – 13 and low-ranked global cognitive function in middle-aged adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“… 15 Carotid IMT, which was associated with vascular stiffening not stenosis, was associated with dementia, 11 – 13 and low-ranked global cognitive function in middle-aged adults. 36 Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow in cross-sectional analyses with age-matched controls but longitudinal data are lacking. 5 Vascular stiffness (see Balucani in| 2 ), rather than luminal narrowing, may be the relevant vascular problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study

Allerhand

Eadie

Thomas

et al. 2016

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Cognitive decline and carotid artery atheroma are common at older ages. In community-dwelling subjects, we assessed cognition at ages 70, 73 and 76 and carotid Doppler ultrasound at age 73, to determine whether carotid stenosis was related to cognitive decline. We used latent growth curve models to examine associations between four carotid measures (internal carotid artery stenosis, velocity, pulsatility and resistivity indices) and four cognitive ability domains (memory, visuospatial function, crystallised intelligence, processing speed) adjusted for cognitive ability at age 11, current age, gender and vascular risk factors. Amongst 866 participants, carotid stenosis (median 12.96%) was not associated with cognitive abilities at age 70 or cognitive decline from age 70 to 76. Increased ICA pulsatility and resistivity indices were associated with slower processing speed (both P < 0.001) and worse visuospatial function (P = 0.036, 0.031, respectively) at age 70, and declining crystallised intelligence from ages 70 to 76 (P = 0.008, 0.006, respectively). The findings suggest that vascular stiffening, rather than carotid luminal narrowing, adversely influences cognitive ageing and provides a potential target for ameliorating age-related cognitive decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study

Allerhand

Eadie

Thomas

et al. 2016

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…The degree of carotid stenosis has previously been linked to cerebral damage. [25,30,31] In addition, studies have suggested that the CIMT may be a marker of intracranial atherosclerosis [32] and overall atherosclerotic plaque burden. [33] Given that no participants in the plaque group had hemodynamically significant stenosis ≥ 50%, the hemodynamic reduction in cerebral flow may not be the mechanism of brain injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered brain volume and its relationship to characteristics of carotid plaques in asymptomatic patients

et al. 2018

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Carotid plaque is an aggregate marker of exposure to vascular risk factors, which are linked to structural brain changes. We investigated prestroke global and regional changes in brain volume in a carotid plaque population of cognitively healthy individuals and the association between carotid plaque characteristics and these changes.A total of 76 participants were divided into healthy control (HC, n = 28), vulnerable plaque (n = 27) and stable plaque groups (n = 21). All subjects underwent carotid ultrasound and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to examine differences in regional gray matter volumes (rGMVs) among the different groups.The plaque group had a significantly lower mean total cerebral brain volume (TCBV) than the HC group (P = .03). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was negatively correlated with TCBV (r = -0.311, P = .006) and rGMV in the right thalamus (r = -0.589, P = .001). The rGMVs of the right middle occipital gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus were significantly different between the unstable and stable groups. The gray-scale median (GSM) of the plaque and the total plaque risk score (TPRS) were correlated with the volume of the right middle occipital gyrus (r=-0.478, P = .001; r = 0.541, P = .001) and bilateral lingual gyrus (r = -0.419, P = .003; r = 0.288, P = .04).Carotid plaque is related to the volume of the brain parenchyma and right thalamus. The rGMVs of the right middle occipital gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus differed between the vulnerable plaque and stable plaque groups, and the characteristics of carotid plaques may serve as indexes that reflect these changes

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“…The literature search retrieved 6879 studies, of which 19 cross‐sectional and 15 longitudinal studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 (Figure S1 ). The studies included a total of 50 779 participants aged 45.3 to 78.0 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intima Media Thickness and Cognitive Function Among Adults: Meta‐Analysis of Observational and Longitudinal Studies

Álvarez‐Bueno

Cavero‐Redondo

Bruno

et al. 2022

JAHA

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Background Carotid structural changes measured by intima media thickness (IMT) have been related to cognitive complaints during aging. Therefore, the aims of this meta‐analysis were (1) to elucidate the relationship between vascular status, measured as IMT, and cognitive domains distinguishing between global cognition, executive functions, memory and attention; and (2) to explore whether demographic (ie, age and sex), clinical (ie, body mass index and IMT baseline values), and procedure characteristics influence this association. Methods and Results We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to June 2021. Studies meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: (1) the participants were adults; (2) the exposure was carotid IMT; (3) the outcome was cognitive function, including global cognition, executive function, memory, and attention measured using standardized tests; and (4) the study design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal including unadjusted and adjusted analyses. A total of 19 cross‐sectional and 15 longitudinal studies were included and demographic (age and sex), clinical (body mass index and baseline IMT values), and procedure characteristics were analyzed as potential mediator or moderators of the association. Conclusions Our data support negative associations between IMT and cognitive function in cross‐sectional studies. The association between IMT and cognition lost significance in longitudinal studies and when controlling for covariates in cross‐sectional studies. Finally, the strength of these associations seems not to be modified by age, sex, body mass index, and baseline IMT values. This systematic review and meta‐analysis adds to the evidence supporting the use of IMT as a measure for identifying patients at risk of cognitive decline.

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Measures of carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function in midlife: The Jerusalem LRC longitudinal study

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study

Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study

Altered brain volume and its relationship to characteristics of carotid plaques in asymptomatic patients

Intima Media Thickness and Cognitive Function Among Adults: Meta‐Analysis of Observational and Longitudinal Studies

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