Measurements of the Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quaternary System NaCl–NaBr–Na2SO4–H2O at 323 K

Sang, Shi‐Hua; Cui, Rui‐Zhi; Hu, Jiawen; Wang, Dan

doi:10.1007/s10953-013-0061-3

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The present results on mixed NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 aerosols, where both salts do not cocrystallize, can be compared to recent results on the surface composition of mixed aerosols containing two salts that are known to cocrystallize to form solid solutions . In that study, mixed NaCl/NaBr solid aerosols were generated by a scheme similar to the one used in the present work and a bromine surface enrichment was observed, which was attributed to the different efflorescence points of NaCl/NaBr and to different surface affinities of the ions contained in the droplets .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…41 In contrast to the cocrystallization of NaCl and NaBr in an fcc lattice, the NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 mixtures do not form mixed crystals. 40 Finally, implications for the atmospheric sea salt aerosol are briefly discussed. Atmospheric sea salt aerosols contain a large number of different ions, including both mono-and polyatomic species.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monatomic Br – and Cl – ions fit into the lattice of the other ion, as they both form face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystal structures and cocrystallize to form a solid solution NaCl x Br (1– x ) . In contrast to the cocrystallization of NaCl and NaBr in an fcc lattice, the NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 mixtures do not form mixed crystals …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na₂SO₄ Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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The local chemical surface composition of unsupported mixed solid NaCl/NaSO aerosols ( d ∼ 70 nm) is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The solid aerosols are generated by drying aqueous droplets containing mixtures of the two salts in different mole fractions. The mole fraction of these salts is found to deviate at the solid aerosol surface significantly from the initial droplet composition. The minority species in the droplets are found to be enhanced at the surface of the solid mixed aerosols. This surface enhancement is rationalized in terms of the nucleation/crystallization process, where the salts evidently do not cocrystallize, rather than each salt forms pure crystal moieties. Characteristic variations of the surface ion concentration as a function of the mole fraction of the salts in the initial droplet are observed in the nanometer size regime. This is unlike core-shell architectures previously found in mixed micron salt aerosols, indicating that aerosol models derived from micron-sized aerosols are evidently not fully reliable to describe the surface composition of nanosized aerosols. Furthermore, surface enhancement of the minority component in mixed NaCl/NaSO aerosols is also different from previous results on surface segregation of mixed NaCl/NaBr aerosols, where one of the anionic species is surface segregated for all mole fractions, which was explained in terms of the ability of the involved salts to cocrystallize and forming solid solutions. The present results rather indicate that mixed NaCl/NaSO aerosols do not cocrystallize. Electron microscopy of deposited mixed salt aerosols reveals mostly a cubic structure of pure NaCl aerosols, whereas mixed salt aerosols are found to show a grainy structure composed of multiple small crystals which supports the present findings obtained from photoelectron spectroscopy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na₂SO₄ Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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“…Underground brine in the west Sichuan basin in China is rich in mineral resources . Sodium chloride, potassium, and sulfates are the major chemical components of the underground brines, which are rich in lithium and strontium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean Activity Coefficients of NaCl in the NaCl + SrCl₂ + H₂O Ternary System at 278.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Liu

Sang

et al. 2019

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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In this article, research on the thermodynamic mean activity coefficients for the ternary system (NaCl–SrCl2–H2O) has been carried out. A cell without a liquid junction can be expressed as sodium–ISE|sodium chloride (m A), strontium chloride (m B)|chlorine–ISE. It is used to determine the activity coefficients in these mixtures at 278.15 K by the cell potential method. Then, the total ionic strengths are I = 0.0100–3.0000 mol·kg–1 with different y b (ionic strength fraction) = (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8). The relationship diagrams between γ±NaCl (mean activity coefficients of NaCl) and y b (ionic strength fraction) were plotted. Mixed interaction parameters θNa,Sr and ψNa,Sr,Cl of this system in Pitzer equations at 278.15 K were fitted by using the determined activity coefficients and multiple regression method. In addition, those obtained parameters were also used to calculate γ±SrCl2 (mean activity coefficients of SrCl2) by the Pitzer equations. Accordingly, the osmotic coefficients, water activity, and excess Gibbs free energy in the mixtures were studied in detail.

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“…2 The study of multitemperature phase diagram is of practical significance for reasonable exploitation of liquid mineral resources. Aiming at the underground brine in the West of Sichuan Basin, our research group has carried out a series of works, such as the quinary systems Na + , K + //Cl − , SO −H 2 O at 298 and 323 K 3,4 and KCl−KBr−K 2 SO 4 − K 2 B 4 O 7 −H 2 O at 323 and 348 K 5 and the quaternary systems NaCl−NaBr−Na 2 SO 4 −H 2 O at 323 K, 6 NaCl−NaBr− Na 2 B 4 O 7 −H 2 O at 348 K, 7 and KCl−KBr−K 2 SO 4 −H 2 O at 323, 348, and 373 K. 8−10 The quinary system Na + , K + //Cl − , Br − , SO 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quinary system Na⁺, K⁺//Cl^–, Br^–, SO₄^2––H₂O at 373 K

2016

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H 2 O at 373 K were measured by the isothermal solution saturation method, and the equilibrium solid phases, solubilities and densities of saturated solutions were determined experimentally. Using the experimental results, the dry salt phase diagrams, water diagrams, and the densities versus composition diagrams were plotted (saturated with Na 2 SO 4 and K 2 SO 4 , respectively). The experimental results show that there is solid solution formed in the quinary system Na + , K + //Cl − , Br − , SO 4 2− −H 2 O at 373 K. The two projected phase diagrams of this system all consist of one univariant curve, two crystallization fields, and have no invariant point. Saturated with the salt Na 2 SO 4 , the crystallization forms are the double salt Na 2 SO 4 •3K 2 SO 4 (Gla) and the solid solution Na(Cl,Br); the two crystallization forms are Na 2 SO 4 •3K 2 SO 4 (Gla) and the solid solution K(Cl,Br) saturated with the salt K 2 SO 4 .

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Measurements of the Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quaternary System NaCl–NaBr–Na2SO4–H2O at 323 K

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na₂SO₄ Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na₂SO₄ Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Mean Activity Coefficients of NaCl in the NaCl + SrCl₂ + H₂O Ternary System at 278.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quinary system Na⁺, K⁺//Cl^–, Br^–, SO₄^2––H₂O at 373 K

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Measurements of the Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quaternary System NaCl–NaBr–Na2SO4–H2O at 323 K

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na2SO4 Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na2SO4 Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Mean Activity Coefficients of NaCl in the NaCl + SrCl2 + H2O Ternary System at 278.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quinary system Na+, K+//Cl–, Br–, SO42––H2O at 373 K

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Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na₂SO₄ Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Surface Composition of Free Mixed NaCl/Na₂SO₄ Nanoscale Aerosols Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Mean Activity Coefficients of NaCl in the NaCl + SrCl₂ + H₂O Ternary System at 278.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Solid–Liquid Equilibria in the Quinary system Na⁺, K⁺//Cl^–, Br^–, SO₄^2––H₂O at 373 K