Measurements of the plasma density in the FTU tokamak by a pulsed time-of-flight X-wave refractometer

Петров, В. Г.; Petrov, A. A.; Malyshev, A. Yu.; Benedetti, Miriam; Tudisco, O.

doi:10.1134/s1063780x08010030

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The principle of the pellet charge exchange (PCX) diagnostic consists of injecting a light impurity pellet (boron or lithium) and of measuring the high-energy particles (T or α) escaping from the plasma after having experienced a charge exchange reaction with the neutrals of the ablation cloud [264][265][266][267]. Detailed calculations of the steady-state distribution of the αparticles and of their interaction with the cloud were performed [268,269], showing in particular that, owing to the uncertainties on the cloud geometry and composition, their density cannot be measured absolutely.…”

Section: α-Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Pellet injection experiments and modelling

Pégouriè

2007

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

125

158

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During the last decade, significant progress has been made in the field of pellet injection with (1) the identification of the drift of the deposited material in the inhomogeneous magnetic field that opened the possibility of fuelling efficiently the plasmas from the high-field side of the torus, (2) the technique to mitigate ELMS in H-mode discharges with shallow pellet injection at high frequency and (3) with the development of high density, high performance scenarios close to the ITER requirements. Both the experimental and theoretical aspects of this domain are reviewed in this paper.

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Section: α-Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Pellet injection experiments and modelling

Pégouriè

2007

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

125

158

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“…Probing with an extraordinary (low frequency) wave makes it possible to use microwaves with rela tively low frequencies, thereby substantially simplify ing the problem of "the first mirror," typical of ITER diagnostics applying electromagnetic waves in the IR and optical frequency ranges. In addition, the operat ing density range expands substantially toward higher densities in this case (for a given probe frequency), as was shown in the FTU experiments [4], where plasma densities up to 10 14 cm -3 were measured when probing at a frequency of 60 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The arrangement of the experiments with the two frequency refractometer coincides with that used ear lier in similar experiments with a single frequency refractometer [4], in which an IR interferometer probed the plasma in the vertical direction, while the refractometer was oriented at an angle of about 20° to the tokamak equatorial plane. In the course of these experiments, the mean plasma density was also mea sured along the vertical chords by means of a two fre quency scanning IR interferometer [8,9].…”

Section: Experiments Carried Out On the Ftu Tokamakmentioning

confidence: 98%

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First results from plasma density measurements in the FTU tokamak by means of a two-frequency pulsed time-of-flight refractometer

et al. 2012

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A pulsed time of flight refractometer was developed and tested to determine the mean plasma density in the T 11M tokamak by measuring the propagation time of nanosecond microwave pulses in plasma. Later, it was also proposed to use such an instrument to measure and control the mean plasma density in the ITER tokamak by probing the plasma with an extraordinary wave, the electric field of which is perpen dicular to the magnetic field in plasma, in the transparency window at frequencies of 50-100 GHz. To avoid the effect of the density profile shape on the measurement results in the nonlinear mode of refractometer operation (near the cutoff), a system operating at two different probing frequencies was developed and tested. Such a system provides two values of the time delay, which can be used to estimate the peaking factor of the density distribution α and correctly determine the linear density 〈Nl〉, regardless of the density profile (assum ing a smooth density profile of the form of N(ρ) = N(0)(1 -ρ 2 ) α , where N(0) is the central plasma density and ρ = r/a is the normalized plasma radius). The first experiments on density measurements in the FTU tokamak performed with this refractometer are described, and results from these experiments are presented. The formation of a thin dense plasma layer in the zone of a strong magnetic field (the so called MARFE layer) at a relatively low (for FTU) plasma density of ~6 × 10 19 m -3 was detected. The thickness of this layer, deter mined from the refractometry data, agrees well with the data obtained using a digital camera.

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“…The refractometry concept was tested in T-11 [17], in T-10 and FTU in an ITER-like configuration, with 1-frequency [18], and with 2-frequency instruments [19].…”

Section: High Field Side Reflectometry (Hfsr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress with the ITER project activity in Russia

Krasilnikov¹,

Abdyuhanov

Aleksandrov³

et al. 2015

Nucl. Fusion

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Due to the development of the ITER project, the requirements of the technical parameters of the ITER systems were more precisely and practically determined to be at higher levels. The essential increase of the ITER system characteristics happened recently. A number of prototypes were manufactured and tests were carried out. The results of the development and manufacture of 25 ITER systems, subject to the Russian Federation's obligations in the ITER project, are described.

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Measurements of the plasma density in the FTU tokamak by a pulsed time-of-flight X-wave refractometer

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Review: Pellet injection experiments and modelling

Review: Pellet injection experiments and modelling

First results from plasma density measurements in the FTU tokamak by means of a two-frequency pulsed time-of-flight refractometer

Progress with the ITER project activity in Russia

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