Measurements of temperature and humidity in the lowest 1000 feet of the atmosphere over Massachusetts bay

Craig, Richard A.

doi:10.1575/1912/1056

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Within the coastal atmosphere, IBLs result from air masses advected across the coastline, where large differences in surface roughness and surface buoyancy (heat and moisture) fluxes are present on either side. In the literature, different works have identified coastal IBLs over the ocean as the mixed layer overlying the marine surface layer [48][49][50] while others identify it as the thin boundary between the advected continental airmass and the marine surface layer [24]. Despite this minor confusion, a much more developed understanding of coastal IBLs has evolved over recent decades, largely due to increased field observations such as those in the ICARTT campaign.…”

Section: /21~daymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this minor confusion, a much more developed understanding of coastal IBLs has evolved over recent decades, largely due to increased field observations such as those in the ICARTT campaign. While Craig [48] made the earliest measurements of IBLs over the GOM, Raynor et al [49] conducted the most extensive observations of the IBLs in the regional marine atmosphere and advanced insights that were directly applicable to the observations of the 7/20 plume. Specifically, these authors determined that the slope of IBLs over the coastal North Atlantic is sharpest near the coastline, and determined primarily by the turbulence within the layer.…”

Section: /21~daymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004

et al. 2014

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An analysis of coastal meteorological mechanisms facilitating the transit pollution plumes emitted from sources in the Northeastern U.S. was based on observations from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) 2004 field campaign. Particular attention was given to the relation of these plumes to coastal transport patterns in lower tropospheric layers throughout the Gulf of Maine (GOM), and their contribution to large-scale pollution outflow from the North American continent. Using measurements obtained during a series of flights of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8, a unique quasi-Lagrangian case study was conducted for a freshly emitted plume emanating from the New York City source region in late July 2004. The development of this plume stemmed from the OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2014, 5 974 accumulation of boundary layer pollutants within a coastal residual layer, where weak synoptic conditions allowed for its advection into the marine troposphere and transport by a mean southwesterly flow. Upon entering the GOM, analysis showed that the plume layer vertical structure evolved into an internal boundary layer form, with signatures of steep vertical gradients in temperature, moisture and wind speed often resulting in periodic turbulence. This structure remained well-defined during the plume study, allowing for the detachment of the plume layer from the surface and minimal plume-sea surface exchange. In contrast, shear driven turbulence within the plume layer facilitated lateral mixing with other low-level plumes during its transit. This turbulence was periodic and further contributed to the high spatial variability in trace gas mixing ratios. Further influences of the turbulent mixing were observed in the impact of the plume inland as observed by the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) air quality network. This impact was seen as extreme elevations of surface ozone and CO levels, equaling the highest observed that summer.

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Section: /21~daymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: /21~daymentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004

et al. 2014

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“…As pointed out by Mulhearn (1981), although these data are old, they are still the best available. Note that in Mulhearn and according to original data sources in Craig (1946) and Kerr (1951), g' = g AWe. Also, the mean value of h for each sounding is used here.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A verification of an analytical formula for estimating the height of the stable internal boundary layer

Hsu

1989

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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A stable thermal internal boundary layer (IBL) develops when warm air is advected from warmer land upstream to a cooler sea downstream. It is shown that the analytical model for estimating the height (h) of this stable IBL as formulated by Garratt (1987) is verified. It is also demonstrated that a simpler equation, h = 16X'/2 (where h is in meters and X, the fetch downwind, is in kilometers), is useful operationally as a first approximation.

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“…The wind speed and direction averaged over the entire ground layer was considered best for this work. In the case of stable air masses the turbulence is weak so that the air aloft moves faster than, and does not mix rapidly with, the lower air, thus causing the phenomenon of shearing stratification, as described by Craig (1946).…”

Section: Stern Of Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the vertical water vapor transport and distribution within unstable atmospheric ground layers and the turbulent mass exchange coefficient

Bunker¹

1952

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Measurements of temperature and humidity in the lowest 1000 feet of the atmosphere over Massachusetts bay

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004

Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004

A verification of an analytical formula for estimating the height of the stable internal boundary layer

Measurements of the vertical water vapor transport and distribution within unstable atmospheric ground layers and the turbulent mass exchange coefficient

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