Measurements of sensible and latent heat flux in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean

Bradley, E. F.; Coppin, P. A.; Godfrey, J. S.

doi:10.1029/90jc01933

Cited by 105 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…He mentioned that in the typical case over the western tropical Pacific with a coefficient of 1.8X10-3, the latent heat flux is about 40% higher than the value given by a neutral coefficient of 1.3X10-3. Bradley et al (1989) confirmed the study of Liu et al (1979) from their observation that CD increases as the wind speed becomes weak. To estimate the contribution of (q*(Ts)-qa), we show Fig.…”

Section: Datasupporting

confidence: 81%

Intraseasonal Oscillations during the TOGA-COARE IOP

Nakazawa¹

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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We examined the behavior of the convective activity and other meteorological variables such as divergence, velocity potential and total precipitable water, associated with the Intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) during the TOGA-COARE TOP from November 1992 to February 1993.During the TOP, there are two major ISOs, one in December and another in January. We confirmed that there is a hierarchic structure of the tropical convection: planetary-scale ISO, eastward-moving synopticscale super cluster, and westward-moving meso-scale cloud cluster. Each ISO has two super clusters. The maximum of the total precipitable water (tpw) delineated from the SSM/I data is leading the convective activity from the GMS IR TBB data by about 5-10 days. The SST is also leading the convection about by 12-13 days, which is the same as for previous results.We also checked the surface radiation budget. The SST change is closely related with the ISO passage. The clear sky and the calm wind condition leads to the warming up of the SST east of the active convection associated with the ISO (that is, before the passage of the active convection of the ISO) . During the passage of the active convection associated with the ISO, the SST decreases due to less insolation and enhanced latent heat flux from the sea surface under the disturbed wind condition.

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Section: Datasupporting

confidence: 81%

Intraseasonal Oscillations during the TOGA-COARE IOP

Nakazawa¹

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Furthermore, there is experimental evidence of the increase of C D over water surfaces for weak winds under 5 m/s [58][59][60]. As about 60% of U 10 estimations by Equation (6) during the modeling period fall under such wind conditions, simulation S5 performs the empirical expression proposed by Wuest and Lorke [61]: for U 10 < 5 m/s (14) 4.…”

Section: Wind Stress Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envisat/ASAR Images for the Calibration of Wind Drag Action in the Doñana Wetlands 2D Hydrodynamic Model

et al. 2013

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Doñana National Park wetlands are located in southwest Spain, on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River, near the Atlantic Ocean coast. The wetlands dry out completely every summer and progressively flood again throughout the fall and winter seasons. Given the flatness of Doñana's topography, the wind drag action can induce the flooding or emergence of extensive areas, detectable in remote sensing images. Envisat/ASAR scenes acquired before and during strong and persistent wind episodes enabled the spatial delineation of the wind-induced water displacement. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Doñana wetlands was built in 2006 with the aim to predict the effect of proposed hydrologic restoration actions within Doñana's basin. In this work, on-site wind records and concurrent ASAR scenes are used for the calibration of the wind-drag modeling by assessing different formulations. Results show a good adjustment between the modeled and observed wind drag effect. Displacements of up to 2 km in the wind direction are satisfactorily reproduced by the hydrodynamic model, while including an atmospheric stability parameter led to no significant improvement of the results. Such evidence will contribute to a more accurate simulation of hypothetic or design scenarios, when no information is available for the atmospheric stability assessment.

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“…MOS also assumes that the statistics are stationary and horizontally homogenous. Within the boundary layer, and near the surface, turbulent energy is produced mainly by mechanical working of the stresses on the mean velocity gradient and higher up, principally by buoyant motions (Bradley, Coppin et al 1991).…”

Section: Air-sea Interaction Towermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of scalar transfer coefficients in fog during the Coupled Boundary Layers and Air Sea Transfer Experiment : a case study

Crofoot¹

2004

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The uncertainty in the determination of the momentum and scalar fluxes remains one of the main obstacles to accurate numerical forecasts in low to moderate wind conditions. For example, latent heat fluxes computed from data using direct covariance and bulk aerodynamic methods show that there is good agreement in unstable conditions when the latent heat flux values are generally positive. However, the agreement is relatively poor in stable conditions, particularly when the moisture flux is directed downward. If the direct covariance measurements are indeed accurate, then they clearly indicate that the bulk aerodynamic formula overestimate the downward moisture flux in stable conditions. As a result, comparisons of the Dalton number for unstable and stable conditions indicate a marked difference in value between the two stability regimes.Investigations done for this thesis used data taken primarily at the Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) during the Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST) Experiment 2003 from the 20-27 August 2003. Other data from the shore based Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) and moored buoys in the vicinity of the ASIT were also incorporated. During this eight day period, the boundary layer was often characterized by light winds, a stably stratified surface layer and a swell dominated wave field. Additionally, the advection of warm moist air over cooler water resulted in fog formation and a downward flux of moisture on at least three occasions. Therefore, a primary objective of this thesis is to present a case study to investigate the cause of this shortcoming in the bulk formula under these conditions by examining the physical processes that are unique to these boundary layers. Particular attention will be paid to the behavior of the Dalton number in a stable marine atmospheric boundary layer under foggy conditions using insights derived from the study of fog formation and current flux parameterization methods.

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Measurements of sensible and latent heat flux in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean

Cited by 105 publications

References 38 publications

Intraseasonal Oscillations during the TOGA-COARE IOP

Intraseasonal Oscillations during the TOGA-COARE IOP

Envisat/ASAR Images for the Calibration of Wind Drag Action in the Doñana Wetlands 2D Hydrodynamic Model

Investigations of scalar transfer coefficients in fog during the Coupled Boundary Layers and Air Sea Transfer Experiment : a case study

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