Measurements of L-shell x-ray production cross-sections of Au and Ag by low energy electron impact

Abstract

Au L α and L β and Ag L-shell x-ray production cross-sections by electron impact have been measured in the incident energy region from near threshold to about 25 keV. Thin films with thick aluminium substrates were used as targets in the experiments. The effect of directional and energy spreading of the electron beam within the active films and x-ray enhancement due to backscattering electrons and bremsstrahlung photons from the substrates are corrected by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The corrected experimental data provided by this method are compared with calculated cross-sections from a PWBA theory with Coulomb, relativistic and exchange corrections and with other experimental data available in the literature.

Measurements of Lα, Lβ X-ray production cross sections of Bi by 17–40keV electron impact

“…However, the experimental data of atomic inner-shell ionization cross sections by keV electron impact are extremely rare. At present, most of the experimental data are on the K-shells by electron impact [7][8][9]. Only seldom L-shell ionization data of Ag, Au, W, Pt, Ge, Ga, As, Sn, In, Re and Pb have been reported [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and there are very little experimental data for M shells [9,16,17].…”

“…At present, most of the experimental data are on the K-shells by electron impact [7][8][9]. Only seldom L-shell ionization data of Ag, Au, W, Pt, Ge, Ga, As, Sn, In, Re and Pb have been reported [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and there are very little experimental data for M shells [9,16,17]. The reason is maybe due to the fact that the spectral lines for the measurements of L-and higher-shell ionization cross-section data are more complicated than the K-shell data and the L-and highershell ionization cross sections are responsible for not only the Auger but also the Coster-Kronig (CK) transitions [8,9].…”

“…Only seldom L-shell ionization data of Ag, Au, W, Pt, Ge, Ga, As, Sn, In, Re and Pb have been reported [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and there are very little experimental data for M shells [9,16,17]. The reason is maybe due to the fact that the spectral lines for the measurements of L-and higher-shell ionization cross-section data are more complicated than the K-shell data and the L-and highershell ionization cross sections are responsible for not only the Auger but also the Coster-Kronig (CK) transitions [8,9]. For the experimental data of K-shell ionization cross sections, An et al [18,19] systematically compared the experimental data of 24 elements from Z = 12 (C) to 47 (Ag) with the PWBA-C-Ex theory [2,3] and Luo and Joy's theory [20,21] as well as some empirical formulae.…”

Measurement of L Shell X-Ray Production and Average L Shell Fluorescence Yields for Some Heavy Elements at 123.6 keV

“…Doǧan et al [21] have measured L l , L α , L β and L γ X-ray fluorescence cross-sections using two different energies 59.5 and 123.6 keV. In some studies, targets were excited with X-ray tube [22][23][24][25][26], protons [27][28][29][30], electrons [31][32][33] and ions [34][35][36][37] as an alternative to radioisotopes.…”

Chemical effect on the L X-ray cross-sections and average fluorescence yields of Hf compounds

“…Several studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] concerned with L X-ray production cross-sections, intensity ratios and fluorescence yields were made.…”