Measurements of heat and combustion products in reduced-scale ventilation-limited compartment fires

Bundy, Matthew F.; Hamins, Anthony P.; Johnsson, Erik L.; Kim, Sung Chan; Ko, Gwon Hyun; Lenhert, David B.

doi:10.6028/nist.tn.1483

Cited by 42 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the data uncertainty is no more than a factor of 2 for most gases, but the ratio of the LC 50 to impairment of escape limits are not consistent by a factor of 8. For the LC 50 to COSHH 15 limits the ratios are again not consistent and vary by a factor close to 100. This means that the relative toxicity for LC 50 of the different gases is completely different when impairment of means of escape limits are compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Air Starved Wood Crib Compartment Fire Heat Release and Toxic Gas Yields

Aljumaiah¹,

Andrews²,

Mustafa³

et al. 2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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Pine wood crib fires (4.6 kg) were investigated in a 1.6 m 3 fire compartment with air ventilation between 3 and 40 air changes per hour (ACH). The cribs were 380 mm tall and 300 mm square. The fires rapidly self extinguished at 3ACH and struggled to continue to propagate at 5 ACH, where only 15 % of the initial crib mass was burnt. For 11, 21 and 37 ACH the cribs burned completely and the oxygen consumption HRR increased with ventilation. All three fully burned fires had rich equivalence ratios for most of the fire duration and associated high CO yields. Extremely toxic levels of CO, acrolein, formaldehyde and benzene were generated and the total toxic N on an LC 50 basis was over 30. The combustion efficiency was very low due to the very high CO and total hydrocarbon emissions and this led to a major difference in the HRR by mass loss and that by oxygen consumption. The results demonstrate the severe toxic conditions that occur in ventilation restricted fires with wood as the main fire load.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Air Starved Wood Crib Compartment Fire Heat Release and Toxic Gas Yields

Aljumaiah¹,

Andrews²,

Mustafa³

et al. 2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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“…The gas measurement instruments and sampling system used in this series of experiments have demonstrated an expanded (k = 2) relative uncertainty of ± 1 % when compared with span gas volume fractions [26]. Given the non-uniformities and movement of the fire gas environment and the limited set of sampling points in these experiments, an estimated uncertainty of ± 12 % is applied to the results [27].…”

Section: Measurement Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Compressed Air Foam (CAF) for interior fire fighting

Weinschenk¹,

Madrzykowski²,

Stakes³

et al. 2017

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“…추 가로 대형 인명피해를 발생시킬 수 있는 화재는 출입구가 닫힌 반밀폐된 구획에서 주로 발생됨을 고려할 때, 비정상 적 화재현상의 이해는 화재안전 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 선행연구 (1) 에서 언급되었듯이, 구획화재 내부의 열 및 화학적특성에 관한 대부분의 실험 및 수치해석 연구들은 일정한 조건에서 화재를 제어한 정상상태에서 넓은 범위 의 발열량, 연료종류 및 환기조건에 따른 구획 내부의 온 도, 화염거동 그리고 CO 및 그을음(soot)을 포함한 유해물 질의 생성특성을 검토하였다 (2,3) . 이러한 접근법은 다양한 조건에서 발생될 수 있는 복잡한 화재현상의 주요 변수 및 결과들에 대한 정량적 평가가 가능하다는 장점을 갖고 있 다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Performance Evaluation of FDS for Predicting the Unsteady Fire Characteristics in a Semi-Closed ISO 9705 Room

Mun¹,

Hwang

2012

Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the prediction accuracy of FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator) for the thermal and chemical characteristics of under-ventilated fire with unsteady fire growth in a semi-closed compartment. To this end, a standard doorway width of the full-scale ISO 9705 room was modified to 0.1 m and the flow rate of heptane fuel was increased linearly with time (until maximum 2.0 MW based on ideal heat release rate) using a spray nozzle located at the center of enclosure. To verify the capability of FDS, the predicted results were compared with a previous experimental data under the identical fire conditions. It was observed that with an appropriate grid system, the numerically predicted temperature and heat flux inside the compartment showed reasonable agreement with the experimental data. On the other hand, there were considerable limitations to predict accurately the unsteady behaviors of CO and CO 2 concentration under the condition of continuous fire growth. These results leaded to a discrepancy between the present evaluation of FDS and the previous evaluation conducted for steady-state under-ventilated fires. It was important to note that the prediction of transient CO production characteristics using FDS was approached carefully for the under-ventilated fire in a semi-closed compartment.

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Measurements of heat and combustion products in reduced-scale ventilation-limited compartment fires

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Air Starved Wood Crib Compartment Fire Heat Release and Toxic Gas Yields

Air Starved Wood Crib Compartment Fire Heat Release and Toxic Gas Yields

Examination of Compressed Air Foam (CAF) for interior fire fighting

Performance Evaluation of FDS for Predicting the Unsteady Fire Characteristics in a Semi-Closed ISO 9705 Room

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