Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy subjects age 4 to 17 years

Buchvald, Frederik; Baraldi, Eugenio; Carraro, Silvia; Gaston, Benjamin; Jongste, Johan de; Pijnenburg, Mariëlle W.; Silkoff, Philip E.; Bisgaard, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.020

Cited by 337 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The difference may be due to the wider age range (7-16 years) in the study by Malmberg et al, producing a wider height range. Similarly, Buchvald et al 20 found a significant correlation between eNO levels and age. We did not find such correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Conversely, Jouaville et al 1 demonstrated that atopic children with rhinitis have higher eNO levels than do atopic control children. This difference may be explained by the methodologic differences in eNO measurement and by the smaller sample size in the study by Jouaville et al Buchvald et al,20 in a sample of 405 children ages 4 to 17 years, showed a significant difference between rhinitic and control children. In the latter study, however, the presence of atopy was evaluated on the basis of self-reported symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Factors that influence exhaled nitric oxide in Italian schoolchildren

Cibella

Cuttitta

Grutta³

et al. 2008

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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Background:Conflicting results exist about the meaning of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in epidemiologic studies, mainly because of the numerous factors that may affect the measurement.Objectives: To evaluate the role of the factors that influence eNO levels in a sample of schoolchildren with or without respiratory diseases. We studied 335 schoolchildren, ages 10 to 16 years, from 8 schools in Palermo, Italy. After a respiratory questionnaire was completed, spirometry, skin tests, and eNO measurements were performed.Results: Among 335 children, 13.7% reported symptoms of bronchial asthma, 46.9% reported symptoms of rhinitis, and 39.4% were asymptomatic. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity was 87.6% (SD, 6.4%) in the bronchial asthma group, 90.6% (SD, 5.0%) in the rhinitis group, and 90.4% (SD, 5.1%) in the asymptomatic group (P Ͻ .002). Atopic children constituted 52.2% of the bronchial asthma group, 40.1% of the rhinitis group, and 28.8% of the asymptomatic group. Among atopic children, 102 (82%) had a positive skin test result for Dermatophagoides. Median eNO was 12.6 ppb in nonatopic children and 21.2 ppb in atopic children (P Ͻ .001, by Mann-Whitney U test). Among asymptomatic children, atopic children had significantly higher eNO levels than did nonatopic children (P Ͻ .001). In nonatopic children, no difference was found in log transformation eNO among healthy, rhinitic, or asthmatic children. Log transformation eNO increased with the number of positive skin test results (P Ͻ .001). Atopy, asthma, male sex, and indoor allergens were predictors of increased eNO in a logistic model.Conclusions: Atopy (in particular, sensitization to indoor and perennial allergens) is strongly associated with higher eNO levels. Such association is enhanced by asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Factors that influence exhaled nitric oxide in Italian schoolchildren

Cibella

Cuttitta

Grutta³

et al. 2008

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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“…More work is required to determine reference values for appropriate interpretation [1,2] and, although there have been a few studies presenting reference values of FeNO for children, these have focused on Caucasian populations [6][7][8]. Current estimates indicate that ,13.2 million people, or ,4.4%, of the entire USA population are of Asian descent [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current estimates indicate that ,13.2 million people, or ,4.4%, of the entire USA population are of Asian descent [9]. Ethnic differences of FeNO levels between Caucasians and Asians have been reported in previous Western studies, as FeNO levels are significantly higher in Asian children [7,8,10]. Whether FeNO determinants in Asian children also differ from those reported in Caucasian children remains largely unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy Asian children aged 5 to 18 years

Yao

Wi²,

Ls³

et al. 2011

European Respiratory Journal

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This study was undertaken to establish reference values of exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) and its determinants in healthy Asian children.693 healthy Asian children aged 5-18 yrs were assessed using a single-breath online FeNO measurement (exhaled flow 50 mL?s -1 ), questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, spirometry and total and specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E.Geometric mean FeNO and the upper 95% CI were 13.7 ppb and 49.7 ppb, respectively, for healthy children, and 11.2 ppb and 30.2 ppb, respectively, for those without allergic sensitisation. FeNO was positively associated with age, allergic sensitisation, total IgE, ambient nitric oxide, measurement in the afternoon, and drinking water within 1 h before testing, and was negatively associated with weight. In healthy children without allergic sensitisation, age was the single best explanatory variable. The FeNO predicted values were 1-2 ppb higher in Asian than in Caucasian children in earlier studies, while the upper 95% CI were 9-10 ppb higher.In conclusion, the upper limits of normal FeNO in Asian children depend on age, from 21 ppb in young children to 39 ppb in adolescents. Ethnicity, age, allergic sensitisation, total IgE, ambient nitric oxide, time of testing, drinking water and weight are important determinants.

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“…Con respecto a la segunda alternativa de explicación, niveles altos para niños no asmáticos y no atópicos, se destaca que en nuestro estudio los niveles de ONe en población no asmática y no atópica son más elevados que los valores promedios publicados 16 . Por ejemplo para un niño de 6 años, los niveles esperados según Buchvald son 8,2 ppb, mientras lo esperado según modelo 3 en Tabla 3 de nuestro estudio es de 10,0 ppb.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified