Reference values of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy Asian children aged 5 to 18 years

Yao, Tsung‐Chieh; Wi, Lee; Ls, Ou; Lc, Chen; Kw, Yeh; Huang, Jing‐Long

doi:10.1183/09031936.00013911

Cited by 40 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, a study involving 62 children in the UK found that FeNO was significantly higher, after correcting for atopic status, by an average of 36% in South Asians when compared to the white subjects [29]. A recent study from Taiwan involving 681 Asian children aged 5-18 years found that the geometric mean FeNO and the upper 95% CI were 13.7 and 29.7 ppb, respectively, and this was also higher when compared with the Caucasian population [30]. In fact, other smaller-scale studies involving Chinese and Korean adults also showed a similar level of FeNO value to our study (table 4) [25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of, and reference equation for, exhaled nitric oxide in the Chinese population

Leung

Wong

et al. 2012

Eur Respir J

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Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) has been proposed as a useful biomarker for monitoring and management of airway diseases. Limited information is available regarding reference levels of FeNO levels in Chinese adults. This study aimed to investigate the reference equation and determinants of FeNO in Chinese adults.1093 (577 males) healthy nonsmoking subjects aged 18-90 years were recruited. FeNO was measured online using a chemiluminescence analyser. Other assessments included spirometry, skin prick tests, total serum IgE levels and eosinophil count in peripheral blood.The geometric mean FeNO was 32.6 (95% reference interval (RI) 31. log(FeNO) 5 0.781 + 0.104(sex) + 0.004(age) + 0.084(atopy) + 0.003(height in cm), where for sex 15male and 05female, age is measured in years, for atopy 15atopic and 05nonatopic, and height is measured in cm.The FeNO of Chinese adults is higher than that of the Caucasian population, and is affected by age, sex, height and atopic status. This study provides useful references for the interpretation of FeNO. @ERSpublications Exhaled NO fraction in Chinese adults is higher than in Caucasians, and is affected by age, sex, height and atopy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of, and reference equation for, exhaled nitric oxide in the Chinese population

Leung

Wong

et al. 2012

Eur Respir J

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“…In this study, we used a modified ISAAC questionnaire for collecting epidemiologic and clinical data. Subject recruitment and data collection for the PATCH study have been described elsewhere [11, 12, 17–22]. The flow diagram for subject recruitment of the current study is shown in Fig 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non-invasive biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, which has emerged in recent years to aid in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases in clinical practice [11]. Atopy has been reported to be an important determinant of FeNO, even in healthy subjects who have no current or past symptoms suggestive of allergic diseases [12]. Obesity has been found to be associated with reduced lung function and FeNO in adult subjects [13–16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity disproportionately impacts lung volumes, airflow and exhaled nitric oxide in children

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe current literature focusing on the effect of obesity and overweight on lung function and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in children, particularly among healthy children of non-European descent, remains controversial. Furthermore, whether the relationship of obesity and overweight with lung function and FeNO in children is modified by atopy is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of excess weight on lung function parameters and FeNO among Asian children, with a particular focus on exploring the potential effect modification by atopy.MethodsWe investigated the effect of excess weight on lung function and FeNO in a population sample of 1,717 children aged 5 to 18 years and explored the potential modifying effect of atopy.ResultsThere were positive associations of body mass index (BMI) z-score with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25-75) (all P<0.001), after controlling for confounders. The beta coefficient for FEV1 (0.084) was smaller than that for FVC (0.111). In contrast, a negative association was found between BMI z-score and FEV1/FVC ratio (P<0.001) and FeNO (P = 0.03). A consistent pattern of association for lung function variables was observed when stratifying by atopy. There was a negative association of BMI z-score with FeNO in atopic subjects (P = 0.006), but not in non-atopic subjects (P = 0.46).ConclusionsExcess weight disproportionately impacts lung volumes and airflow in children from the general population, independent of atopic status. Excess weight inversely affects FeNO in atopic but not in non-atopic children.

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“…Detailed descriptions of subject recruitment and data collection have been reported previously [8], [16], [17], [18], [19]. The subject flow diagram of the current study is presented in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suboptimal Vitamin D Status in a Population-Based Study of Asian Children: Prevalence and Relation to Allergic Diseases and Atopy

Yao

Chang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundNew evidence shows high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in many countries and some studies suggest a possible link between vitamin D status and allergic diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status in a population sample of Asian children and to investigate the relationship of vitamin D status with allergic diseases and atopy.MethodsChildren aged 5–18 years (N = 1315) in the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese CHildren (PATCH) study were evaluated using questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE).ResultsThe mean concentration of serum 25(OH)D was 20.4 ng/mL (SD: 7.1 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL) was present in 670 subjects (51.0%), while vitamin D insufficiency (defined as serum 25(OH)D<30 ng/mL) was observed in 1187 subjects (90.3%). Older age (P<0.001), female gender (P<0.001), higher body mass index (P = 0.001), winter and spring seasons (compared to summer; P both<0.001), and passive smoking (P = 0.011) were independently associated with low serum 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, serum 25(OH)D status had no association with asthma, rhinitis, eczema, atopy, or total serum IgE (all P>0.05).ConclusionsLow serum 25(OH)D levels are remarkably common in this population sample of Asian children, suggesting that millions of children living in Taiwan may have suboptimal levels of vitamin D, which should be a matter of public health concern. Our results provides epidemiological evidence against the association of vitamin D status with various allergic diseases and atopy in Asian children.

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Reference values of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy Asian children aged 5 to 18 years

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Determinants of, and reference equation for, exhaled nitric oxide in the Chinese population

Determinants of, and reference equation for, exhaled nitric oxide in the Chinese population

Obesity disproportionately impacts lung volumes, airflow and exhaled nitric oxide in children

Suboptimal Vitamin D Status in a Population-Based Study of Asian Children: Prevalence and Relation to Allergic Diseases and Atopy

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