Measurements for Fuel Reforming for Scramjet Thermal Management and Combustion Optimization: Status of the COMPARER Project

Gascoin, Nicolas; Gillard, Philippe; Bernard, Stéphane; Abraham, G.A; Bouchez, Marc; Daniau, Emeric; Touré, Youssoufi

doi:10.2514/6.2006-8005

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, to the author's knowledge, there are only very rare papers on the fuel pyrolysis under supercritical state [9], [15] and every study in this field is of great interest to develop the knowledge related to such complex work. In addition, we have experimentally shown in previous work [7] [16] a high carbon deposit rate depending on the nature of the channel material [7]. This will be observed numerically in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity are computed using the method of Guo et al [17] ) is used to determine the density considering the compressibility factor: A deep validation of thermal, hydraulic and chemical aspects has been conducted under transient and stationary conditions with analytical, numerical and experimental cases. A previous work [7] furnishes a chemical validation under stationary conditions as a validation of the transient thermal and hydraulic behaviour of RESPIRE. Good agreement is found on temperature, compared to the CFD software CFD-ACE (2-D heated tube with tabulated fluid) [6].…”

Section: Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have shown in previous works that the chemical composition of pyrolysed mixture is complex; more than hundred of compounds are produced [7]. A wide spectrum of pyrolysis conditions is covered in studies of the open literature (fluid nature, conditions of temperature/pressure/residence time, open/close reactors, dilution ratio, experimental/numerical work,…) [8]- [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic and jet fuels pyrolysis for cooling and combustion applications

Gascoin

Abraham

Gillard

2010

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Large heat load are encountered in hypersonic flight applications due to the high vehicle speed (over Mach 5, i.e. 5000 km.h-1) and to the combustion heat release. If passive and ablative protections are a way to ensure the thermal management, the regenerative cooling is probably the most efficient one to enable the structures withstanding (notably for reusable structures). The present study is a part of COMPARER project (COntrol and Measure of PArameters in a REacting stReam) which aims at investigating the highly coupled phenomenon (heat and mass transfers, pyrolysis, combustion) in a cooling channel surrounding a SCRamjet combustion chamber and at proposing some parameters to enable the control of such a complex technology. In this paper, we present the comparative numerical pyrolysis study of some selected synthetic and jet fuels (heptane, decane, dodecane, kerosene surrogate). The fluid pyrolysis has been studied experimentally and the results of RESPIRE numerical simulation under lab and in-flight conditions are given with validation to provide a deep understanding of phenomenon. The impact of the density, of the critical parameters, of the viscosity and of the chemistry is investigated to analyze their effect on the cooling efficiency of the engine. That also enables to estimate which properties the best cooling fuel should have. Furthermore, a combustion study is conducted because the cooling fuel is the one that ensure the thrust. The RESPIRE code enables to conduct both coupled pyrolysis and combustion studies. A first approach of the dynamic regeneratively cooled SCRamjet is provided to get a large vision of the fuel nature impact on the system.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic and jet fuels pyrolysis for cooling and combustion applications

Gascoin

Abraham

Gillard

2010

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…The experimental test bench has been described in a previous paper [53]. It aims at providing: understanding of the coupled phenomena, validation data for the numerical code RESPIRE and evaluation of onboard and online measurement methods for industrial use.…”

Section: Presentation Of the Experimental Test Bench And Measurement mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Gascoin¹,

Gillard²,

Bernard³

et al. 2008

Fuel Processing Technology

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104

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The active cooling of the Supersonic Combustion Ramjet engine, for hypersonic flight purpose, is ensured thanks to fuel, n-dodecane for the present study. The endothermic fuel pyrolysis, starting above 800 K, could generate an unwanted coke formation. Experimental tests up to 1125 K and between 1 MPa and 6 MPa have been performed on the hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis to evaluate the coking activity. 316L stainless steel, low carbon steel and titanium reactors have been considered. A witness of the coke formation, based on its thermal insulation and pressure loss effects, has been found. A correlation between methane production and coke deposit was found. The coke has been studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The porosity, the density and the permeability of the coke have been estimated.

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“…It is also used experimentally. The test bench is particularly suitable for hydrocarbon pyrolysis at supercritical state (1900 K, 8 MPa) under stationary conditions but it aims at studying transient test cases too [6]. Both of these tools have been used to identify some characteristic parameters of the pyrolysis phenomena [7], on which are based the measurement methods under study in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of supercritical reactive flow for hypersonic real-time application

Gascoin

Gillard

Bouchez

2009

16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference

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In the framework of the hypersonic propulsion, with cooled engine by endothermic hydrocarbon fuel, it is necessary to provide adapted measurement methods for the cooling regulation as for the control of the engine thrust. The sensors should be robust because of the extreme in-flight conditions, of vehicle acceleration and vibration, of the fluid temperature (1500 K) and pressure (3.5 MPa) and of the multi-component supercritical mixture. Their response time should be lower than one second. Therefore, a large range of real time and on line measurement methods has been tested and some of these methods among the most promising are presented in this paper. The aim is not to necessarily develop a new technology but to evaluate the feasibility and the adaptability of existing ones for our purpose, even if those are not especially dedicated for it. Numerical evaluation is firstly conducted then some of the techniques are experimentally tested. Two of them, the sonic throat and the Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR), appear to be particularly promising and allow uncertainties of few percents. The first one allows evaluating the mass flow rate of a supercritical reactive mixture. The second one characterizes the chemical composition before injection in the combustion chamber, for mole fraction greater than 5 %.

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Measurements for Fuel Reforming for Scramjet Thermal Management and Combustion Optimization: Status of the COMPARER Project

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Synthetic and jet fuels pyrolysis for cooling and combustion applications

Synthetic and jet fuels pyrolysis for cooling and combustion applications

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Characterization of supercritical reactive flow for hypersonic real-time application

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