Measurements and simulations of non-linear noise re-distribution in an SOA

Öhman, F.; Tromborg, B.; Mørk, Jesper; Aurelius, Andreas; Djupsjöbacka, A.; Berntson, A.

doi:10.1364/oaa.2004.otud5

Cited by 3 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The examples are chosen to be similar to the ones in [11] in order to be able to compare with the measurements in that work. The PDFs from the second-order model are calculated by discretizing space and frequency and numerically solving (45) and (35).…”

Section: Numerical Examples and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameters used in the calculations are a mixture of known physical parameters for the measurements of [11] (i.e., length of SOA, bias current, input powers and detection bandwidth), reasonable guesses (e.g., coupling losses, waveguide losses, linewidth enhancement factor, and carrier lifetime) and fitted parameters (i.e., small-signal gain, saturation power, and input signal-to-noise ratio). The fitted parameter values are chosen to give a qualitatively reasonable fit to the experimental results in [11] for both the standard deviation and the skewness, which is defined as the normalized third-order central moment of the distributions.…”

Section: Numerical Examples and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are sampled with time interval and satisfy the correlation relations (14) with given by (11). is related to the input signal-to-noise ratio by noting that the input power has a noncentral -distribution with mean and variance given by (15) (16) where…”

Section: Noise Model For the Soamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bilenca and colleagues have made a detailed study of noise distributions in SOAs using multicanonical Monte Carlo simulation [9] and Fokker-Planck equations [10]. We have previously measured and calculated the probability density functions (PDFs) after amplification in a saturated SOA [11]. The calculations of the PDFs were based on statistical simulations, standard assumptions like Gaussian or noncentral -distributions, or used models [12] that are not able to describe the nonlinear noise redistribution shown in experiments [11], [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously measured and calculated the probability density functions (PDFs) after amplification in a saturated SOA [11]. The calculations of the PDFs were based on statistical simulations, standard assumptions like Gaussian or noncentral -distributions, or used models [12] that are not able to describe the nonlinear noise redistribution shown in experiments [11], [13]. Large-signal simulations can, in principle, include the nonlinear redistribution, but it is difficult Manuscript to reach far out in the tails of the distributions, i.e., to simulate the rare occurrences of errors corresponding to low BERs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Output Power PDF of a Saturated Semiconductor Optical Amplifier: Second-Order Noise Contributions by Path Integral Method

Öhman

Mørk

Tromborg

2007

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We have developed a second-order small-signal model for describing the nonlinear redistribution of noise in a saturated semiconductor optical amplifier. In this paper, the details of the model are presented. A numerical example is used to compare the model to statistical simulations. We show that the proper inclusion of second-order noise terms is required for describing the change in the skewness (third-order moment) of the noise distributions. The calculated probability density functions are described far out in the tails and can hence describe signals with very low bit error rate (BER). The work is relevant for describing the noise distribution and BER in, for example, optical regeneration.

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Section: Numerical Examples and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Examples and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Noise Model For the Soamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Output Power PDF of a Saturated Semiconductor Optical Amplifier: Second-Order Noise Contributions by Path Integral Method

Öhman

Mørk

Tromborg

2007

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Statistical noise properties of an optical pulse propagating in a nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifier

Bilenca

Eisenstein

2005

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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We present a theoretical analysis and an experimental study of the statistical properties of the noise accompanying an optical pulse propagating in a nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifier. Several degrees of gain saturation corresponding to different levels of optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNRs) are examined. We employ the Heun numerical procedure to ensure proper convergence to the Stratonovich solution of the multiplicative propagation equation. This algorithm takes also into account the effect of gain saturation due to the amplified spontaneous emission noise. Moreover, the multicanonical Monte Carlo algorithm is used to efficiently calculate the probability density functions (pdfs), including the tails, of the peak of a pulse which emerges at the output of a saturated semiconductor optical amplifier. The results are compared to the corresponding pdfs obtained in a linear amplification system (where the optical noise is additive and Gaussian) having the same gain and under identical OSNR levels. We demonstrate that the pdf of the saturated amplifier is shifted toward lower power levels and is narrower, or equivalently, the mean and variance for the saturated amplifier case are smaller. Also, the difference between the two configurations increases with the degree of gain saturation. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by a series of experiments in which the pdfs at the output of the linear amplification scheme and saturated semiconductor optical amplifier are measured for an optical pulse of 70-ps duration.

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New Method for Measuring Probability Density Function of Modulated Optical Signals, demonstrated on EDFA and SOA

Aurelius¹,

Berntson²,

Djupsjöbacka³

et al. 2006

Journal of Optical Communications

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SummaryA new method for measuring Probability Density Function (PDF) of the noise in ONEs and ZEROs in modulated optical signals is presented. The method is applicable to noise-PDFs from all types of optical amplification. Knowing the PDF is imperative for understanding limitations of and predicting performance of optical systems. The method is demonstrated by measurements performed on modulated signals using Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) and Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) as preamplifiers. In the first case the effect of electrical filtering is shown, in the latter the noise distribution dependency on the saturation of the amplifier. We have also measured BER for single bits in a 32-bit pattern, to see which bits contribute to the total BER, and measured PDFs for these bits.

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Measurements and simulations of non-linear noise re-distribution in an SOA

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Output Power PDF of a Saturated Semiconductor Optical Amplifier: Second-Order Noise Contributions by Path Integral Method

Output Power PDF of a Saturated Semiconductor Optical Amplifier: Second-Order Noise Contributions by Path Integral Method

Statistical noise properties of an optical pulse propagating in a nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifier

New Method for Measuring Probability Density Function of Modulated Optical Signals, demonstrated on EDFA and SOA

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