Measurements and modelling of atmospheric pollution over the Paris area: an overview of the ESQUIF Project

Menut, Laurent; Vautard, Robert; Flamant, Cyrille; Abonnel, C.; Beekmann, Matthias; Chazette, Patrick; Flamant, Pierre H.; Gombert, Dominique; Guédalia, D.; Kley, D.; Lefebvre, Marie‐Pierre; Lossec, B.; Martin, Daniel S.; Mégie, G.; Perros, P.; Sicard, Michaël; Toupance, G.

doi:10.1007/s00585-000-1467-y

Cited by 79 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Europe, components of the MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) project examined emissions from Paris, France in 2009 and 2010. It followed the original experiments conducted within the frame of the Etude et Simulation de la Qualité de l'air en region Ile-deFrance (ESQUIF) program (Chazette et al, 2005;Menut et al, 2000). Results from these recent campaigns have underscored the importance of oxygenated organic and secondary inorganic aerosol species to PM concentrations even in major urban locations (e.g., Aiken et al, 2009).…”

Section: G R Mcmeeking Et Al: Trace Gases and Aerosols Over Londonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosols over the London metropolitan region

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The Emissions around the M25 motorway (EM25) campaign took place over the megacity of London in the United Kingdom in June 2009 with the aim of characterising trace gas and aerosol composition and properties entering and emitted from the urban region. It featured two mobile platforms, the UK BAe-146 Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft and a ground-based mobile lidar van, both travelling in circuits around London, roughly following the path of the M25 motorway circling the city. We present an overview of findings from the project, which took place during typical UK summertime pollution conditions. Emission ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to acetylene and carbon monoxide emitted from the London region were consistent with measurements in and downwind of other large urban areas and indicated traffic and associated fuel evaporation were major sources. Sub-micron aerosol composition was dominated by secondary species including sulphate (24 % of sub-micron mass in the London plume and 29 % in the non-plume regional aerosol), nitrate (24 % plume; 20 % regional) and organic aerosol (29 % plume; 31 % regional). The primary submicron aerosol emissions from London were minor compared to the larger regional background, with only limited increases in aerosol mass in the urban plume compared to the background (∼12 % mass increase on average). Black carbon mass was the major exception and more than doubled in the urban plume, leading to a decrease in the single scattering albedo from 0.91 in the regional aerosol to 0.86 in the London plume, on average. Our observations indicated that regional aerosol plays a major role on aerosol concentrations around London, at least during typical summertime conditions, meaning future efforts to reduce PM levels in London must account for regional as well as local aerosol sources.

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Section: G R Mcmeeking Et Al: Trace Gases and Aerosols Over Londonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosols over the London metropolitan region

et al. 2012

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“…The model is also used for forecasts of pollutant levels as part of the French national air pollution forecasting system, Prev'Air (www.prevair.org). CHIMERE has been extensively validated with surface and airborne measurements for the different scales (Schmidt et al, 2001;Blond and Vautard, 2004;Menut et al, 2000;Vautard et al, 2003;Blond et al, 2007;Honoré et al, 2008). As an example, the averaged bias for daily ozone maxima over Europe is smaller than 10% (Honoré et al, 2008).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCIAMACHY formaldehyde observations: constraint for isoprene emission estimates over Europe?

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important intermediate compound in the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere. Sources of HCHO are largely dominated by its secondary production from VOC oxidation, methane and isoprene being the main precursors in unpolluted areas. As a result of the moderate lifetime of HCHO, its spatial distribution is determined by reactive hydrocarbon emissions. We focus here on Europe and investigate the influence of the different emissions on HCHO tropospheric columns with the CHIMERE chemical transport model in order to interpret the comparisons between SCIA-MACHY and simulated HCHO columns. Europe was never specifically studied before for these purposes using satellite observations. The bias between measurements and model is less than 20% on average. The differences are discussed according to the errors on the model and the observations and remaining discrepancies are attributed to a misrepresentation of biogenic emissions. This study requires the characterisation of: (1) the model errors and performances concerning formaldehyde. The errors on the HCHO columns, mainly related to chemistry and mixed emission types, are evaluated to 2×10 15 molecule/cm 2 and the model performances evaluated using surface measurements are satisfactory (∼13%); (2) the observation errors that define the needs in spatial and temporal averaging for meaningful comparisons. Using SCIAMACHY observations as constraint for biogenic isoprene emissions in an inverse modelling scheme reduces their uncertainties by about a factor of two in region of intense emissions. The retrieved correction factors for the isoprene emissions range from a factor of 0.15 (North Africa) to a factor of 2 (Poland, the United Kingdom) depending on the regions.

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“…Hence, the uniqueness of the real part is guaranteed. Automobile traffic is indeed the main source of photooxidant pollution and aerosols in large cities such as Los Angeles (Lurmann et al, 1997) or Paris (Menut et al, 2000). There are naturally other sources of anthropogenic aerosol particles like emissions from plants burning household refuse or airports (quoted in Sect.…”

Section: Acri Retrieval From Ascending Flightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profiles of urban aerosol complex refractive index in the frame of ESQUIF airborne measurements

Raut

Chazette

2008

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A synergy between lidar, sunphotometer and in situ measurements has been applied to airborne observations performed during the Etude et Simulation de la QUalité de l'air en Ile-de-France (ESQUIF), enabling the retrieval of vertical profiles for the aerosol complex refractive index (ACRI) and single-scattering albedo with a vertical resolution of 200 m over Paris area. The averaged value over the entire planetary boundary layer (PBL) for the ACRI is close to 1.51(±0.02)-i0.017(±0.003) at 532 nm. The singlescattering albedo of the corresponding aerosols is found to be ∼0.9 at the same wavelength. A good agreement is found with previous studies for urban aerosols. A comparison of vertical profiles of ACRI with simulations combining in situ measurements and relative humidity (RH) profiles has highlighted a modification in aerosol optical properties linked to their history and the origin of the air mass. The determination of ACRI in the atmospheric column enabled to retrieve vertical profiles of extinction coefficient in accordance with lidar profiles measurements.

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Measurements and modelling of atmospheric pollution over the Paris area: an overview of the ESQUIF Project

Cited by 79 publications

References 22 publications

Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosols over the London metropolitan region

Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosols over the London metropolitan region

SCIAMACHY formaldehyde observations: constraint for isoprene emission estimates over Europe?

Vertical profiles of urban aerosol complex refractive index in the frame of ESQUIF airborne measurements

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