Measurement traceability and its role in proficiency testing schemes – a case study for wastewater analysis in Slovenia

Drolc, Andreja; Cotman, Magda; Roš, Milenko; Majcen, Nineta

doi:10.1007/s00769-006-0112-1

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The measurement uncertainty of COD determinations in wastewater with the standard reflux method is discussed by Drolc et al 22 They conclude that volumetric operations are the prevailing source of uncertainty at low concentration, while the measurement procedure is the dominant source of uncertainty in the COD results in wastewater samples at high concentration levels.…”

Section: Suggested Methods Kraatz and Farjammentioning

confidence: 99%

A set up of a modern analytical laboratory for wastewaters from pulp and paper industry

Maximova¹,

Dahl²

2007

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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The introduction of analytical techniques allowing rapid, selective, sensitive, and reliable determination of aqueous pollutants is of crucial importance for the protection of the environment. This critical review summarizes the advanced analytical techniques suggested over the last ten years together with already established methods, and evaluates whether they are fit for wastewater quality assessment considering the area of application, interferences, limit of detection, calibration function, and precision. The key parameters of wastewater quality assessment are: total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), organochlorines (AOX), nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and toxicity. Chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, photocatalytic oxidation with semiconductor nanofilms and atomic emission spectrometry, optical fibre sensors and chemiluminescence, amperometric mediated biosensors and microbial fuel cells, respirometry and bioluminescence measurements are just part of the proposed wastewater analyst's toolkit. The diversity of fundamental phenomena and the captivating elegance of interdisciplinary applications involved in the development of wastewater analytical techniques should attract the interest of a wide scientific audience including analytical chemists, chemical physicists, microbiologists and environmentalists. To conclude, we suggest a laboratory set up for the analysis of wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry.

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Section: Suggested Methods Kraatz and Farjammentioning

confidence: 99%

A set up of a modern analytical laboratory for wastewaters from pulp and paper industry

Maximova¹,

Dahl²

2007

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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show abstract

“…It requires, however, a detailed study of the presence of interfering species that can signicantly affect the estimation of the target oxidability of the sample. 1 The most common interference in COD measurement is due to coexisting chloride ions, especially for wastewaters containing low organic matter and high chloride concentrations. There are a number of analytical methods for the determination of COD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such interferences are negative tending to restrict the oxidizing action of the dichromate ion. Under the digestion procedure applied in COD analysis, chlorides react with dichromate ions to produce chlorine and chromic ions, causing a positive interference, eqn (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many other approaches that attempt to manage the problem of chloride ion interference including addition of silver salts to mask chloride ions are utilized. For example, addition of chromium(III) to lower the oxidation potential of the reaction in eqn (1), determination of the amount of chloride ions oxidized by iodometric titration followed by a subsequent correction for chloride ions, oxidation with permanganate, etc. 3,4 In the oxidation of the organic load by potassium permanganate KMnO 4 for the COD measurement (Japanese Mn-COD method), the COD is known as the permanganate value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been reported many different approaches of how to calculate and assess the measurement uncertainty. Drolc et al (2003) identied the major uncertainty sources and compared the combined uncertainty with the experimentally determined variation. The results showed that the major sources of uncertainty arose from repeatability at a high concentration level and volumetric steps at a low concentration level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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