Measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α, leukotriene B4, and interleukin 8 in the exhaled breath condensate in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Background: Assessment of airway infl ammation in the clinical course of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) may advance our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment. Objectives: To assess airway infl ammation in patients during the course of AECOPD by serial analyses of their exhaled breath condensates (EBC). Methods: Twenty-six patients with AECOPD (22 males, mean [SD] percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) 44.8 [14.3]), 11 with stable COPD, and 14 age and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Patients with AECOPD were treated with systemic steroid and antibiotic for 7 days. EBC was collected from each patient with AECOPD on Day 5, 14, 30, and 60 post-hospitalization using EcoScreen (VIASYS Healthcare, USA) during tidal breathing over 10 minutes. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The median (IQR) of TNF-α level on Day 5 was 5.08 (3.80-6 .32) pg/ml, which was lower than on Day 14 (5.84 [4.91-9.14] pg/ml, p = 0.017), Day 30 (6.14 [3.82-7.67] pg/ml, p = 0.045), and Day 60 (5.60 [4.53-8.80] pg/ml, p = 0.009). On Day 60, subjects receiving inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) had a lower level of TNF-α than those who were not (4.82 [4.06-5.65] vs 7.66 [5.48-10.9] pg/ml, p = 0.02). EBC LTB4 level did not change signifi cantly during recovery from AECOPD whereas IL-8 was mostly undetectable. Conclusions: EBC TNF-α level was low in patients receiving systemic steroid and antibiotic therapy for AECOPD. These fi ndings suggest a potential role for serial EBC TNF-α for noninvasive monitoring of disease activity.

A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Roflumilast. Effect on Proline-Glycine-Proline and Neutrophilic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…AcPGP, PGP, and LTA 4 H aminopeptidase activity were detected by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy as previously described (16,17,20,25). LTA 4 H (Uscn, Wuhan, China), LTB 4 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), IL-8 (CXCL8/IL-8 Quantikine kit; R&D Systems), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (CalBiochem) were detected in induced sputum by commercially available enzyme immunoassays (17,34,35). Neutrophil elastase was detected by a commercially available chemiluminescence kit (CalBiochem, Billerica, MA).…”

Modification of the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane in patients with chronic respiratory diseases

“…It is known that the soluble inhibitor (s-TNFα-RI) promotes long persistence of the primary proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) in the blood flow and so leads to development of the unstoppable chronic inflammation [12]. Patients with CB had overproduction of the inflammatory mediators compensated by increased IL-8 (p<0.001) with an immunosuppressive activity [15,16]. The level of IL-8 in patients with COPD did not differ from that in the control group.…”

“…The development of the inflammation in the pulmonary diseases involves also participation of the inflammatory mediators (cytokines, histamine, neutral proteases, and eicosanoids) [9-16]. Particular attention is paid to the lipid mediators - eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), which are the final products of the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) [11,13,17].…”

Non-invasive biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…С помощью иммуноферментного анализа было обнаружено повышение концентра ции IL 6, TNF α (провоспалительных цитокинов) и IL 10 (регуляторного цитокина) в КВВ у здоровых курильщиков и больных ХОБЛ [49,50,52,53]. K.W.Garey et al продемонстрировали более высокий уровень общего белка в КВВ у курильщиков и боль ных ХОБЛ по сравнению с некурящими людьми, но не было различий в концентрациях IL 1β или TNF α. У молодых курильщиков в КВВ также обна ружено повышение концентрации IL 1β [15].…”