Measurement of the optical absorption of bulk silicon at cryogenic temperature and the implication for the Einstein Telescope

Degallaix, J.; Komma, Julius; Forest, Danièle; Hofmann, G.; Heinert, D.; Schwarz, Christian; Nawrodt, R.; Pinard, L.; Michel, C.; Flaminio, R.; Cagnoli, G.

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/31/18/185010

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The band-band absorption α BB is the lower absorption limit for intrinsic crystalline silicon. Preliminary results obtained by Degallaix et al [22] point to a light-intensity-dependent absorption in silicon. An estimation based on the power density in our setup showed that our result is not significantly influenced by that effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Optical absorption measurements on crystalline silicon test masses at 1550 nm

Steinlechner¹,

Krüger²,

Lastzka

et al. 2013

Class. Quantum Grav.

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Abstract. Crystalline silicon is currently being discussed as test-mass material for future generations of gravitational wave detectors that will operate at cryogenic temperatures. We present optical absorption measurements on a large-dimension sample of crystalline silicon at a wavelength of 1550 nm at room temperature. The absorption was measured in a high intensity monolithic cavity setup using the photo-thermal self-phase modulation technique. The result for the absorption coefficient of this sample with a specific resistivity of 11 kΩcm was measured to be α A = (264 ± 39) ppm/cm for an intensity of 700 W/cm 2 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Optical absorption measurements on crystalline silicon test masses at 1550 nm

Steinlechner¹,

Krüger²,

Lastzka

et al. 2013

Class. Quantum Grav.

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“…We expect Debye screening to suppress diffusion processes thus reducing the fluctutations in the optical elements. Because of the residual doping in the large test mass substrates required for GW detection a majority charge carrier is present [21]. Without loss of generality we assume electrons to be the majority charge carriers.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this time large high-purity silicon samples can be produced with the magnetically assisted Czochralski technique with a resistivity of up to 10 kΩcm. To account for production difficulties we are looking at n-type silicon with a worse resistivity of 1 kΩcm which corresponds to a doping density of around 4.4 • 10 12 1 cm 3 , which is equivalent to a resistivity of 1 kΩcm at room temperature [21]. In order to calculate the mean carrier density n 0 as a function of the doping density a model for semiconductors with no compensation (no acceptors) has been used [29]:…”

Section: Computation Of Tccr Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal charge carrier driven noise in transmissive semiconductor optics

et al. 2020

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Several sources of noise limit the sensitivity of current gravitational wave detectors. Currently, dominant noise sources include quantum noise and thermal Brownian noise, but future detectors will also be limited by other thermal noise channels. In this paper we study a thermal noise source which is caused by spatial charge carrier density variations in semiconductor materials. We provide an analytical model for the understanding of charge carrier fluctuations under the presence of screening effects and show that charge carrier noise will not be a limiting noise source for third generation gravitational wave detectors.

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“…In the case of Czochralski grow silicon the absorption is in the range of several 100's ppm/cm. For floating zone grown silicon, absorption as low as 5 ppm/cm has been measured but size is limited to about 10 cm diameter [124]. In the case of sapphire the best absorption is around 30 ppm/cm with sizes in the range of 20 cm diameter [125].…”

Section: The Cryogenic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

Blair

Zhao

et al. 2015

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan, which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1-5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry. gravitational waves, ground based detectors, pulsar timing, spaced based detectors, CMB PACS number(s): 04.80. Nn, 07.20.Mc,

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Measurement of the optical absorption of bulk silicon at cryogenic temperature and the implication for the Einstein Telescope

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Optical absorption measurements on crystalline silicon test masses at 1550 nm

Optical absorption measurements on crystalline silicon test masses at 1550 nm

Thermal charge carrier driven noise in transmissive semiconductor optics

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

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