Measurement of the albumin content of urinary protein using dipsticks

Sasaki, Miyuki; Pugia, Michael J.; Parker, Donald; Kuromoto, Kooichi; Furukawa, I; Konishi, Ichirou

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(1999)13:5<246::aid-jcla10>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The CLINITEK urinary chemistry analyzer is a highly sensitive, portable, reflectance photometer-based, purely chemical albumin test strip device that assesses dye binding by albumin. The urinary dip reagent strips can be used to detect an albumin concentration between 10 and 150 mg/L in addition to simultaneously measuring the urinary creatinine concentration (16). The level of urinary albumin excretion was expressed as the ratio of albumin to creatinine excretion.…”

Section: Quantitative Measurement Of the Urinary Albumin-tocreatininementioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Hypertensive Patients under Current Medical Treatment

Hara

Kougami²,

Shimokawa³

et al. 2014

Intern. Med.

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Objective A link between urinary albumin excretion and an increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality has already been demonstrated. However, the reported prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in patients with hypertension is highly variable. We therefore aimed to conduct a cross-sectional multicenter study to investigate the prevalence of urinary albumin excretion in treated hypertensive patients in our current practice. Methods A total of 1,258 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. Patients with macroalbuminuria were excluded. The concentrations of urinary microalbumin and creatinine were measured. Urinary albumin excretion was expressed as the ratio of albumin to creatinine excretion. Results The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 130.9±12.7 mmHg and 74.7±8.9 mmHg, respectively. The overall prevalence of MAU was 42.8%, and it was observed in 35.8% of patients treated with a single medication. Patients with polyvascular disease exhibited a higher prevalence of MAU compared with patients with monovascular disease. The factors related to the presence of MAU included the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), systolic blood pressure, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (odds ratios [ORs] of 0.988, 1.026, and 1.371, respectively). Conclusion The present study showed that the prevalence of MAU among hypertensive patients was 42.8%, even in patients whose blood pressure was relatively well controlled. Additionally, the eGFR, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c level are risk factors for the development of MAU. These findings suggest that a substantial number of hypertensive patients have MAU and highlight the importance of strictly controlling these factors to improve patient prognosis.

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Section: Quantitative Measurement Of the Urinary Albumin-tocreatininementioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Hypertensive Patients under Current Medical Treatment

Hara

Kougami²,

Shimokawa³

et al. 2014

Intern. Med.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Some of these tests analyze environmental conditions, 16,17 or detect illness (often in the developing world). [18][19][20] We have recently patterned paper into hydrophilic regions demarcated by hydrophobic walls using photolithography and conventional photoresists (SU-8; and poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of simple diagnostic tests (for example, “dip stick” tests) rely on paper-based assays. − Some of these tests analyze environmental conditions , or detect illness (often in the developing world). − We have recently patterned paper into hydrophilic regions demarcated by hydrophobic walls using photolithography and conventional photoresists (SU-8; and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) . The hydrophilic regions act as microfluidic channels, in which capillary action wicks aqueous samples into the device.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Printing of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Barriers To Define Microchannels in Paper

2008

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This paper describes the use of a modified x,y-plotter to generate hydrophilic channels by printing a solution of hydrophobic polymer (poly(dimethyl siloxane; PDMS) dissolved in hexanes onto filter paper. The PDMS penetrates the depth of the paper, and forms a hydrophobic wall that aqueous solutions cannot cross. The minimum size of printed features is approximately 1 mm; this resolution is adequate for the rapid prototyping of hand-held, visually read, diagnostic assays (and other microfluidic systems) based on paper. After curing the printed PDMS, the paper-based devices can be bent or folded to generate three-dimensional (3D) systems of channels. Capillary action pulls aqueous samples into the paper channels. Colorimetric assays for the presence of glucose and protein are demonstrated in the printed devices; spots of Bromothymol Blue distinguished samples with slightly basic pH (6.5) from samples with slightly acidic pH (8.0). The work also describes using printed devices that can be loaded using multipipettes, and printed flexible, foldable channels in paper over areas larger than 100 cm 2 . This paper describes the use of a modified desktop plotter to fabricate simple patterns of hydrophilic microchannels in paper. We defined the boundaries of the microchannels by printing a solution of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) in hexanes onto filter paper, using an x,y-plotter as a print-engine. Because PDMS is an elastomer, the paper could be bent and folded, without destroying the integrity of the channels. The channels have a minimum width of 1 mm, and the minimum spacing between two channels can be as small as 1 mm. These dimensions are large relative to those normally encountered in microfluidic systems, but they are the right size for the basic analytical and diagnostic devices that are our primary objectives, since readout of these devices will often involve visual observations of unmagnified spots of analytes. 1 We believe that this low-cost system for printing hydrophobic polymers and other materials on paper will be useful for prototyping simple paper-based diagnostics assays.A variety of simple diagnostic tests (for example, "dip-stick" tests) rely on paper-based assays. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Some of these tests analyze environmental conditions, 16,17 or detect illness (often in the developing world). [18][19][20] We have recently patterned paper into hydrophilic regions demarcated by hydrophobic walls using photolithography and conventional photoresists (SU-8; and poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA). 1 The hydrophilic regions act as microfluidic channels, in which capillary action wicks aqueous samples into the device. This design provides the basis for diagnostic systems in paper that are more complex than the simplest dip-stick assays (in the sense that multiple assays can be performed on a small array with ~5-20 μL of blood, urine, or other fluid), but simpler and more affordable than highertechnology microfluidic assays. 20 An advantage of using PDMS to pattern the p...

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“…This threshold is comparable to the clinically relevant protein concentration of 7.5 mM (or 500 mg mL À1 ) measured by commercial dipsticks that detects proteins at $250 mg mL À1 . 63 The detection limit of the fabricated mPAD would be applicable for the detection of proteins present in the urine sample in the condition such as proteinuria. 63 Pyrolysis of the lter paper and cleaning…”

Section: Colorimetric Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%