Measurement of Testicular Volume: Its Application to Assessment of Maturation, and its use in Diagnosis of Hypogonadism

Rundle, A. T.; Sylvester, P. E.

doi:10.1136/adc.37.195.514

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Fig. 1 gives the normal size of testicular volume as established by several investigators (5,(11)(12)(13) including the present authors (6). It is evident that the norms obtained for Israeli boys are similar to those registered for Dutch boys by Dooren et at.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Compensatory Hypertrophy of Testicle in Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Laron

Zilka

1969

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Follow up of 38 boys with unilateral hypogonadism due to unilateral (35 boys) or bilateral (3 boys) cryptorchidism revealed that the normal testicle developed compensatory hypertrophy even before puberty. The hypertrophic testicle was in most instances larger than the normal range. The hypertrophy seems to be of functional importance as linear growth, skeletal maturation, sexual development, including penile size, and urinary 17-KS and gonadotropin excretion were normal in all the boys with unilateral hypogonadism or anorchia and contralateral testicular hypertrophy. (J Clin Endocr

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Compensatory Hypertrophy of Testicle in Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Laron

Zilka

1969

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…Most varicoceles in adolescents are managed conservatively with observation. Surgical ligation of the spermatic vein, however, is usually indicated for adolescents who demonstrate retarded growth of the left testis and in young men who develop testicular atrophy [1-3]. The discrepancy of testicular volumes is the main criterion for performing surgery and may be assessed by ultrasound [4].…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some use the length and width or the testis obtained with an ordinary ruler or with sliding calipers [2,3]. Others use orchidometers by comparative palpation with ellipsoid models of known volume [1,9,10] or by a series of punch out elliptical rings of varying sizes that fit over the testis [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular volumes revisited: A proposal for a simple clinical method that can closely match the volumes obtained by ultrasound and its clinical application

Sotos

Tokar

2012

Int J Pediatr Endocrinol

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BackgroundThe testicular volumes obtained with the clinical methods, calculated using the ellipsoid equation W2 x L x π/6, correlate with those obtained by ultrasound (US) and are useful clinically, but overestimate ultrasound values, mainly because of the inclusion of the scrotal skin and epididymis, have much variability, and may not be accurate or reproducible.The US measurement is somewhat inconvenient, because it requires another procedure and, mainly, is costly.It would be helpful to have a simple, low cost clinical method that approximates or closely matches the results obtained by ultrasound.Formulas, equivalent to the ellipsoid equations, were developed to calculate testicular volumes with corrections of the width (W), length (L), and height (H) of the testis obtained in the scrotum to avoid the inclusion of the scrotal skin and epididymis.Subjects & methodsThe US observations in our hospital of the width, height, length, height/width, and length/width ratios and volumes of 110 testes from 55 children from 1 month to 17 ½ years of age were reviewed. Based on these observations and those reported by others, formulas to apply to the clinical measurements were developed to approximate the volumes obtained by ultrasound. The validity and accuracy of the formulas were determined. For the clinical application of the formulas, measurements of the width of the testis in the scrotum, with a centimeter ruler, were obtained in 187 study subjects in different stages of puberty and adults, for a total of 374 testicular determinations.ResultsThe widths obtained in the scrotum were corrected by subtracting the values of the double scrotal skin. The formulas were then applied and the testicular volumes determined. The testicular volumes were then compared to the ultrasound values reported in hundreds of subjects by four different groups and statistically analyzed. The volumes obtained by the formulas (means ± SD) closely matched the volumes obtained by ultrasound.ConclusionA simple clinical method, based on the width of the testis obtained in the scrotum with a centimeter ruler, which can determine testicular volumes closely matching those reported by ultrasound, is proposed.

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“…One involves measuring the longitudinal, transverse and the third axis of the testis with calipers and determining volume by an empirical formula : volume (in ml) = 0.71 x length x width x depth (Takihara et al, 1983). Rundle and Sylvester (1962) simplified this formula on a practical level to: volume = (0.7 1 x length x breadth)*. The other method of estimating testicular volume is comparative palpation of the testes with testicular models of known volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume of the testes was assessed by using a modified empirical formula, i.e. testicular volume (in ml:) = (0.71 x length x breadth)*, as described by Rundle and Sylvester (1962).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Post‐pubertal Varicocele on Testicular Volume

Erkan¹,

Özen²,

Ergen³

et al. 1990

British Journal of Urology

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Paediatric varicocele is a well known entity but its effect on adult infertility has not been adequately clarified. Since measurement of testicular volume is currently the best method of estimating the male reproductive potential, 945 boys aged between 13 and 18 years were examined with regard to testicular volume and the incidence of varicocele. The average volumes for right and left testes were 15.087 +/- 0.237 and 14.514 +/- 0.347 ml respectively, and the incidence of varicocele was 16.7%. The incidence increased from 14.5 to 21.7% as the ages increased from 14 to 18. The differences in volume of the 2 testes in boys with varicocele were statistically significant when compared with the normal group, but this significance failed to become more pronounced when the slight varicocele group (grade I) was included with the normal group and compared with the severe varicocele group (grades II and III). There may be no significant differences between the volumes of the 2 testes in boys with varicocele when careful measurement and strict statistical analyses are applied. However, some boys in the varicocele group were found to have testicular volumes below the confidence interval (mean - SE) or under 1 SD, and the 2 testicular volumes differed in certain age groups. This group requires further follow-up. The results of this study have added further contradictory findings to the issue of paediatric varicocele in terms of testicular atrophy, estimation of potential fertility and the indications for immediate surgery. There is a need for further prospective controlled trials.

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Measurement of Testicular Volume: Its Application to Assessment of Maturation, and its use in Diagnosis of Hypogonadism

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Compensatory Hypertrophy of Testicle in Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Compensatory Hypertrophy of Testicle in Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Testicular volumes revisited: A proposal for a simple clinical method that can closely match the volumes obtained by ultrasound and its clinical application

The Effect of Post‐pubertal Varicocele on Testicular Volume

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