Measurement of stress–strain relationship of beech roots and calculation of the reinforcement effect of tree roots in soil–wheel systems

The significance of above-ground biomass, moisture content and mechanical properties of peat layer on the bearing capacity of ditched pine bogs

“…The material is in that sense rather limited and we cannot be sure whether all findings and relationships are valid in all kinds of pine bogs. The results were nevertheless logical and in accordance with the earlier findings on the significance of roots to bearing capacity (Makarova et al 1998;Cofie et al 2000).…”

“…The significance of roots in composing the bearing capacity of peatland has been discussed earlier (Makarova et al 1998;Cofie et al 2000). The present study gave further insight to the question.…”

“…The reinforcement effect provided by roots is sensitive to loading and diminishes with an increasing number of vehicle passes (Cofie et al 2000). The form of the stress-strain curve of roots has been found to be independent of the diameter of roots but the incremental plastic strain in cyclic loading tends to decrease with increasing root diameter (Makarova et al 1998).…”

Spatial variability of soil compaction over a vineyard region in relation with soils and cultivation operations

“…Conversely, mowing produced less soil compaction than the other weeding techniques, at least in the case of the five sites with medium traffic. The presence of grass in the inter row could then act as a protection against soil compaction caused by the wheelings of the cultivation vehicles as it was observed by Cofie et al (2000) for tree roots.…”

Soil compaction due to heavy forest traffic: measurements and simulations using an analytical soil compaction model

“…Therefore, different mechanical behaviours may be expected. Root networks increase soil resistance to deformation under heavy load (Soane 1990;Cofie et al 2000). However, assessment of several parameters not easily accessible to forest managers (e.g.…”