Measurement of static convergence and accommodation responses to images of integral photography and binocular stereoscopy

Hiura, Hitoshi; Komine, Kazuteru; Arai, Jun; Mishina, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1364/oe.25.003454

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The SMV condition means that two or more light rays from the point lights of the reconstructed 3D objects reach the pupil of an observer. Hiura et al [56] showed that six of the ten observers did not have an accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography in the range. Moreover, the required resolution was found to be 0.7 or more and less than 1.4 cycles per degree for inducing accommodation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the convergence and accommodation responses have been predicted to be consistent with the depth position of the 3D target. The accommodation response to integral 3D displays has been theoretically investigated by many researchers [53][54][55][56]. The reports indicate that satisfying the super multi-view (SMV) condition is the most important requirement for obtaining a proper accommodation response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the required resolution was found to be 0.7 or more and less than 1.4 cycles per degree for inducing accommodation. Hiura et al [56], concluded that integral photography can provide a natural 3D image that looks like a real object.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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Abstract:The current stereoscopic 3D displays have several human-factor issues including visual-fatigue symptoms such as eyestrain, headache, fatigue, nausea, and malaise. The viewing time and viewing distance are factors that considerably affect the visual fatigue associated with 3D displays. Hence, this study analyzes the effects of display type (2D vs. 3D) and viewing distance on visual fatigue during a 60-min viewing session based on electroencephalogram (EEG) relative beta power, and alpha/beta power ratio. In this study, twenty male participants watched four videos. The EEGs were recorded at two occipital lobes (O1 and O2) of each participant in the pre-session (3 min), post-session (3 min), and during a 60-min viewing session. The results showed that the decrease in relative beta power of the EEG and the increase in the alpha/beta ratio from the start until the end of the viewing session were significantly higher when watching the 3D display. When the viewing distance was increased from 1.95 m to 3.90 m, the visual fatigue was decreased in the case of the 3D-display, whereas the fatigue was increased in the case of the 2D-display. Moreover, there was approximately the same level of visual fatigue when watching videos in 2D or 3D from a long viewing distance (3.90 m).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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“…In recent research, we measured the accommodation and convergence responses to I3D targets. 10 In that research, the responses to I3D targets were found to be nearly the same as those to real targets. However, the resolution dependency on the depth perception was not verified in the case viewing of the I3D target, and neither were the depth perception or accommodation-convergence conflict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Experimental verification of accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We experimentally verified the depth perception and accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography. For comparison, the same measurements were performed with binocular stereoscopic images and real objects. First, the depth perception in viewing an integral three-dimensional (3D) target was measured at three display resolutions: 153, 229, and 458 ppi. The results showed that the depth perception was dependent on the display resolution. The results were also evaluated in a statistical test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the recognized depth perception ranges were 180, 240, and 330 mm when the display resolutions were 153, 229, and 458 ppi, respectively. The results were also analyzed in terms of image resolution. This suggested that depth perception occurred at over 1.0 cpd. The accommodation and convergence responses in viewing an integral 3D target displayed on a 3D display with 458 ppi were measured using PowerRef 3. The experimental results were evaluated with a multiple comparison test. It was found that 6 of the 10 observers did not have an accommodation-convergence conflict when viewing the integral 3D target inside and outside the depth of field. In conclusion, integral photography can provide a natural 3D image that looks like a real object. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…Although the ocular accommodation driven by 3D displays were discussed in many studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], the relaxing of accommodation in hyperopic objects has never been studied. Because that measuring hyperopia in children is often masked by accommodation, and hyperopia is a significant risk factor of developing amblyopia, it is important to relax children's accommodation for accurate assessment.…”

Section: Accommodation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Exam In The Virtual World: A Pilot Study

Chen

Shi

Lewis³

2017

JOS

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Abstract:This study investigated the feasibility of using three-dimensional (3D) technology as a multi-functional visual stimulus to assist the clinical eye exam. Specifically, we examined: (1) whether the receding movement of a 3D fixation target into distance could relax the accommodation of non-cycloplegic hyperopic subjects so that accurate refraction measurements could be achieved; (2) the feasibility of using the left-eye and right-eye images from the 3D monitor as the light source to perform swinging-flashlight pupil tests; and (3) the implementation of 3D technology to interrupt the binocular visual/motor fusion as required for the clinical cover test to identify strabismus.Using a 3D TV to provide visual stimuli and a photoscreening (PS) device, near-infrared (NIR) eye images were acquired and analyzed for each of the three objectives. The result of accommodation test showed that with visual stimuli, the maximal hyperopic refractions could more accurately suggest the patients' true refractions and the more hyperopic patients responded more to the 3D projected distance. However the very mild hyperopia did not show significant response. The pilot tests also showed distinguishable normal and abnormal pupillary responses with 3D image illumination and also the difference in phoria and tropia in the ocular alignment test using 3D stimuli.

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Measurement of static convergence and accommodation responses to images of integral photography and binocular stereoscopy

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

Experimental verification of accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography

Eye Exam In The Virtual World: A Pilot Study

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