Experimental verification of accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography

Abstract

Abstract. We experimentally verified the depth perception and accommodation-convergence conflict in viewing integral photography. For comparison, the same measurements were performed with binocular stereoscopic images and real objects. First, the depth perception in viewing an integral three-dimensional (3D) target was measured at three display resolutions: 153, 229, and 458 ppi. The results showed that the depth perception was dependent on the display resolution. The results were also evaluated in a statistical test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the recognized depth perception ranges were 180, 240, and 330 mm when the display resolutions were 153, 229, and 458 ppi, respectively. The results were also analyzed in terms of image resolution. This suggested that depth perception occurred at over 1.0 cpd. The accommodation and convergence responses in viewing an integral 3D target displayed on a 3D display with 458 ppi were measured using PowerRef 3. The experimental results were evaluated with a multiple comparison test. It was found that 6 of the 10 observers did not have an accommodation-convergence conflict when viewing the integral 3D target inside and outside the depth of field. In conclusion, integral photography can provide a natural 3D image that looks like a real object. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Effect of Viewpoints on the Accommodation Response in Integral Imaging 3D Display

“…Among the variety of naked eye 3D displays, integral imaging 3D display is a kind of true 3D display technique that includes two aspects of both light field recording and reconstruction, and the characteristics of light field reconstruction makes integral imaging 3D display possible to duplicate the conditions of viewing real objects [12], [13]. Therefore, the accommodation responses have been predicted to be consistent with the depth position of the 3D image [14]. However, the light field reconstructed by an integral imaging 3D display is discrete due to the pixelated structure of the recording and displaying devices [13].…”

“…The spatial resolution directly shows the sharpness of 3D images. Hiura et al analyzed the spatial resolution of integral imaging display at different depth and discussed the effect of 3D images' resolution on accommodation response of human eyes [14]. They suggested that the accommodation responses of 3D images with higher resolution was closer to the real object.…”

P‐62: Effect of Viewpoints of Integral Image 3D display on Human Eye Accommodation Response

“…The Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK) studied on the effect of 3D image resolution on the eye depth perception. It indicates that, with the image resolution increasing, the range of depth perception increases too [8]. The influence of the angular resolution of II 3D display on accommodation response of human eye was researched by Seoul university.…”