Measurement of Modern and Traditional Self-Concepts in Asian Transitional Economies

Abstract

This article describes the development and validation of a new consumer self-concept scale created for use in Confucian societies whose economies formerly were centrally planned but are now moving toward a free-market system. Traditional self and modern self are proposed to be the two subconstructs of the perceptions of self. The empirical work involved with the scale development and validation using data from Vietnam and China are presented. Managerial implications and future research directions are also discussed in this article

Factors influencing financial literacy of the poor in rural areas: Empirical research with the case of Vietnam

“…This is also the result of studies from De Clercq et al (2009), Monticone (2010), Meier and Sprenger (2013), Hastings andMitchell (2020), andPotrich et al (2015). Explaining this hypothesis, people with higher incomes (among 1 Some authors, such as Mai et al (2009), Tambyah (2011), andTran et al (2017) have seen similar results for countries influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism, in which the emphasis on community is very high, so the trends in spending and saving are influenced by a community nature (which is influenced by the poor in Vietnam's rural areas) are able to save and invest and understand financial indicators and practices and their attitude towards financial matters.…”

“…But while it is necessary to disseminate knowledge to poor people about financial services and how to use them to reduce poverty, it should be noted that the poor in rural areas have minimal access to financial services, and their attitudes and behavior towards these services are highly ambiguous. There also is evidence that the influence of perspectives on behavior is irrelevant for the poor in countries that are transitioning from a centrally planned economy to a market-based one and which have cultures that, like Vietnam, are deeply influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism (Mai, Smith, & Cao, 2009;Tran, Nguyen, Van Vu, & Doan, 2017). Stemming from such views, we maintain that, to dramatically increase financial literacy for the poor in rural areas in emerging countries such as Vietnam, the main issue is to consider the factors that reflect on financial literacy and assess the impact of age, gender, income and education level on the financial literacy of the poor in rural areas.…”

Intention to apply total quality management in petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas in Vietnam’s enterprises

“…Accordingly, the perception of oneself as a traditional person is the degree to which an individual's views are consistent with Confucian norms, values, and beliefs prior to the transformation of the Vietnamese economy . Perceiving oneself as a modern person is the degree to which an individual's views are consistent with the standards, values, and beliefs imported from developed countries after the transformation of Vietnam's economy [Mai, Smith, Cao, 2009] . People who perceive themselves as modern tend to be more open to change, more likely to be pioneers in purchasing, and accepting new products and systems .…”

“…The contents of TQM are easy to understand (Easy4) TQM is very flexible to apply . (Easy5) TQM is very easy to grasp to use (Easy6) In general, I find TQM easy to apply (Easy7) Selfperception scales, feeling like a traditional person I always try to live a frugal life (TS1) [Mai, Smith, Cao, 2009] I feel the need to be cautious when buying and using new products (TS2) I enjoy using traditional products and services significantly (TS3) For me, it is important to respect the opinions of others about ourselves (TS4) For me, it is important to observe and preserve traditional values in our social relationships (TS5) Selfperception scales, feeling like a modern person I like people who dress in a modern and fashionable way (MS1) I think it's important to enjoy life in a way happy (MS2) I like the modern lifestyle (MS3) I like to try new products and services (MS4) I think the changes add to the excitement for one's life (MS5) Intent to apply TQM I will apply TQM to my business in the near future (Int1) [Ong, Kathawala, Sawalha, 2015] I tend to apply TQM to my business (Int2) I plan to apply TQM to my business (Int3) РЖМ 19 (4): 494-514 ( 2021) number of required survey samples is 160 votes or better, 320 valid votes . We have distributed 600 questionnaires to 600 petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas enterprises in Vietnam by means of nonprobability random sampling and asked people who are directly in charge of quality management in these business units through the submission of questionnaires in person or by email, and from October 2020 to February 2021 .…”

Using Media to Influence Consumer Attitudes to Domestic Goods in Vietnam by Framing Public Interest: A Media Framing Effect Analysis

“…In Vietnam, consumers have an increasing demand for foreign products. Faced with this situation, the Vietnamese government has applied several measures to preserve and develop national physical values (Mai et al, 2009). Realizing the importance of promoting domestic consumption, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce organized a campaign titled ''Vietnamese people prioritizing Vietnamese products'' (VietNam's Politburo, 2009).…”