Measurement of In-Situ Flow Rate in Borehole by Heat Pulse Flowmeter: Field-Case Study and Reflection

Liu, Bing; Yan, Guanxi; Ma, Ye; Scheuermann, Alexander

doi:10.3390/geosciences13050146

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Water circulation within the saturated zone can be highly complex, involving interactions with other potential porous or fractured aquifers, the coexistence of interconnected or non-interconnected fissures and conduits with different hydrodynamic properties, etc. [17]. These conditions depend on the position of the piezometric surface.…”

Section: The Depletion Coefficient Of a Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Hydraulics in Increased Spring Discharge following Earthquakes: Some Applications and Considerations

Sanz Pérez,

Mosquera-Feijóo,

de Ojeda

et al. 2024

Water

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Earthquakes often entail alterations in the groundwater flow regime, in the phreatic level, surges and losses of springs, and the discharge in brooks. A variety of theoretical approaches attempt to elucidate the post-earthquake effects on spring discharge. This study adopts a conceptual approach, primarily presenting diverse methods to estimate water released by earthquakes involving calculations of discharge surpluses in springs. This study delves into refined techniques rooted in groundwater hydraulics, displaying applications of analytical and simulation methodologies to quantify earthquake-induced groundwater discharge in springs. This research investigates springs as natural indicators and applies mathematical precipitation–runoff models, particularly the CREC model, to simulate hydrographs in post-earthquake scenarios. We apply analytical procedures or mathematical simulation techniques employed in groundwater hydraulics for natural aquifer recharge calculations. Firstly, we briefly describe the methods based on the analysis of depletion curves of hydrographs in spring discharge. Additionally, specific mathematical rainfall–runoff models used to simulate hydrographs of karstic springs, along with derived analytical approximations, are adapted for this scenario. These hydraulic calculations involve the depletion coefficient and hydrodynamic volumes of aquifers, parameters that reveal certain aspects of the relation between groundwater and earthquakes. Three main features are: (a) Acknowledging faults as the primary geological structures in transmitting pore pressures due to earthquakes. Thus, for large and deep faults, which connect the ground surface with the Earth’s crust bottom—where earthquakes trigger—the depletion coefficient, α, usually reaches high values (α = 0.1 days−1). Therefore, these faults become more sensitive to pore pressure than other lithologies. (b) Elucidating the mechanisms of permeability enhancement caused by earthquakes. (c) Highlighting the substantial volumes in motion within the Earth’s interior, which, for instance, could constitute a significant source for the origin of mineral deposits. Mathematical calculations enable the determination of the volume of mobilized water that can be discharged by gravity in each earthquake. This, along with its recurrence, justifies the substantial mineralization volumes.

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Section: The Depletion Coefficient Of a Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Hydraulics in Increased Spring Discharge following Earthquakes: Some Applications and Considerations

Sanz Pérez,

Mosquera-Feijóo,

de Ojeda

et al. 2024

Water

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“…The groundwater monitoring wells were designed and constructed to satisfy the requirement of the site groundwater measurement [29]. As shown in Figure 4a, the well casing is made of PVC, where the casing material is chemically inert to prevent any reactions with the groundwater.…”

Section: The Construction Of the Groundwater Monitoring Wells And The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Tidal Oscillations on Coastal Groundwater System in Reclaimed Land

Guo,

Ma,

Ding

et al. 2023

JMSE

Self Cite

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The impact of tidal oscillations on groundwater in coastal reclamation land demonstrates the complex hydrodynamic interaction between seawater and coastal hydrological aquifer systems. The tidal action not only affects the temporal variability of groundwater levels but also exerts a significant influence on the groundwater gradients of salinity within the subsurface aquifers. This study takes the Songmu Area as an example to investigate this ocean–groundwater interaction. Songmu Area is located on a peninsula with coastal land reclamation in Dalian, China. Field campaigns were conducted in this area to measure the tidal action and groundwater parameters in a coastal reclaimed area at artificial backfill layers with pressure and salinity sensors, where the tidal signal can influence groundwater levels and salinity up to a one-kilometer range of inland. Tidal changes in the surface of the sea can be broken down into a number of simple, regular harmonic vibrations, each of which is called a tidal split. The tide and groundwater data were extracted using an enhanced harmonic analysis method. The fluctuations of groundwater levels and salinity were decomposed in response to the periodic tidal oscillation. Various constituents of tide attenuation in the coastal groundwater system were investigated. Our research shows that there is an exponential reduction in the fluctuating amplitude of groundwater levels and the groundwater salinity as distance further inland from the coast. The constituents of tide M2 (the period is 12.42 h of semi-diurnal tides, S2 (the period is 12.00 h of semi-diurnal tides), K1 (the period is 23.93 h of full-diurnal tides), and O1 (the period is 25.82 h of full-diurnal tides) behave differently for the tidal wave propagation and salinity variability in the coastal aquifer of reclaimed land. Among those constituents, M2 and S2 exhibit a higher degree of attenuation compared with K1 and O1. Understanding the relationship between groundwater levels and tidal fluctuations in coastal backfill areas is crucial for effective groundwater management strategies and mitigating the adverse impacts of seawater intrusion. This study can serve as a good understanding for assessing the impacts of various mitigation strategies.

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“…The distribution and connectivity of fault systems control fluid circulation, and fault properties play a significant role in determining circulation depth and fluid geochemical composition [4][5][6]. Furthermore, stress accumulation, changes in stress state, and variations in thermal dynamic conditions can alter the balance of the water-rock system [7]. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on investigating the connection between hydrogeochemistry and earthquakes [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Earthquake-Related varied-temperature Springs along the Eastern Kunlun Fault Zone, China

Lu,

Zhou,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The Eastern Kunlun Fault Zone (EKFZ) is located in a seismic blank area. This study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics of varied-temperature springs in the EKFZ to understand the relationship between fractures, fluids and earthquakes. It aids in establishing their induction mechanisms and assists in monitoring the earthquake precursors of the EKFZ. In this study, the main elements, trace elements, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and strontium isotopes of 23 varied-temperature springs in the EKFZ were analyzed. The results reveal the source of groundwater recharge, hydrochemical types, mineral saturation, and for a select few springs indicative of geothermal activity, collected geothermal reservoir temperatures. The study also explores the relationship between earthquakes and springs, identifying sensitive chemical indicators. Based on continuous monitoring at Maqu Station, we found that before the occurrence of the Maerkang Ms 6.0 earthquake, the concentration of Cl− rose by 2.9 times, and 46 days before the Gande earthquake (Ms = 4.7), the concentrations of Na+ and SO42− significantly increased. Finally, a conceptual model of the hydrogeochemistry of springs is presented to describe the groundwater circulation in the study area. This research is of great significance for the analysis of fluid geochemistry in this area and for assessing the seismic hazards of the EKFZ.

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Measurement of In-Situ Flow Rate in Borehole by Heat Pulse Flowmeter: Field-Case Study and Reflection

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Groundwater Hydraulics in Increased Spring Discharge following Earthquakes: Some Applications and Considerations

Groundwater Hydraulics in Increased Spring Discharge following Earthquakes: Some Applications and Considerations

Impacts of Tidal Oscillations on Coastal Groundwater System in Reclaimed Land

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Earthquake-Related varied-temperature Springs along the Eastern Kunlun Fault Zone, China

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