“…Recently, there has been renewed interest in the BAcs, with investigations of marine sediments (6) and lake sediments (7) revealing the wide-spread occurrence of BAcs in the biosphere. Environmental risks due to BAcs may result from tobacco smoke (8,9), automobile exhaust (10,11), shale oil (12), coal tar (13,14), coal liquefaction products (15,16), and petroleum products (17,18).…”