Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formaldehyde in Glendora, California

Kok, Gregory L.; Walega, J.; Heikes, Brian G.; Lind, John A.; Lazrus, A. L.

doi:10.1080/02786829008959324

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the reaction of both inorganic and organic peroxides to form the fluorescent dimer and so can be used to determine the total peroxide concentration in the atmosphere. Hydrogen peroxide vapor has a collection efficiency of 99.99% in the 10 turn stripping coil while methylhydroperoxide has an efficiency approaching 60% [Kok et al, 1990]. It is thus assumed that the peroxide signal is H202 plus 0.6xCH300H.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement principle is based on the enzyme catalyzed reaction between peroxides and para-hydroxy phenol acetic acid to produce a dimeric product, 6,6'-dihydroxy-3,3'-biphenyldiacetic acid which fluoresces at a peak excitation wavelength of 320 nm with a peak emission wavelength of 400 nm [Kok et al, 1990]. Peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the reaction of both inorganic and organic peroxides to form the fluorescent dimer and so can be used to determine the total peroxide concentration in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the marine atmosphere the two major trace gases giving rise to the peroxy radical precursors to the peroxides are carbon monoxide and methane, which produce hydrogen peroxide and methyl hydrogen peroxide, respectively, by recombination reactions. The chemistry is much less complex than in continental regions where other hydrocarbons are observed to produce a range of peroxy radicals and organic peroxides [Kok et al, 1990;Tremmel et al, 1994]. The measurement of peroxides is also relatively simple [Lazrus et al, 1986], and data can be collected extensively on their concentrations in the atmosphere with respect to time and space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere

Penkett¹,

Reeves²,

Bandy³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Large amounts of data on the concentration of peroxides have been collected in vertical profiles over the North Atlantic Ocean by a Hercules aircraft. The measured peroxide concentrations have been compared with concentrations calculated by a simple algorithm derived assuming that the standing peroxide concentration is in equilibrimn with its production and loss processes. In clean air where the peroxide and ozone concentrations are anticorrelated throughout the profile measured and calculated peroxide concentrations coincide, whereas in layers of polluted air within the profile, as determined from positive ozone peroxide correlations, calculated peroxide concentrations are greatly in excess of measured values. Using the degree of correlation between measured and calculated peroxide concentrations as a diagnostic, it is possible to show that many aspects of the seasonal cycle of ozone are caused by in situ tropospheric chemistry. Thus the summer minimum in the seasonal cycle of ozone, observed at clean marine ground-based sites such as Mace Head, is due to photochemical destruction, and elevated levels of ozone are associated with the transport of polluted air, on occasion over thousands of kilometers. Of particular interest if our analysis is correct, the broad maximum of ozone occurring between March and May at ground-based sites has a large contribution from ozone formed by tropospheric as well as stratospheric chemistry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere

Penkett¹,

Reeves²,

Bandy³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The wet chemical methods include chromatographic detection of formaldehyde products with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (Fung and Grosjean, 1981;Lee et al, 1998;Spaulding et al, 2002) and fluorimetric detection of formaldehyde products from Hantzsch (Kelly and Fortune, 1994;Junkermann and Burger, 2006) or other reactions (Kok et al, 1990;Fan and Dasgupta, 1994). These wet chemical methods are sensitive, but they lack rapid time response and are susceptible to chemical interferences .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region for measurements of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Formaldehyde (CH 2 O) is the most abundant aldehyde in the atmosphere, and it strongly affects photochemistry through its photolysis. We describe simultaneous measurements of CH 2 O and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) using broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region. The light source consists of a continuous-wave diode laser focused into a Xenon bulb to produce a plasma that emits high-intensity, broadband light. The plasma discharge is optically filtered and coupled into a 1 m optical cavity. The reflectivity of the cavity mirrors is 0.99930 ± 0.00003 (1− reflectivity = 700 ppm loss) at 338 nm, as determined from the known Rayleigh scattering of He and zero air. This mirror reflectivity corresponds to an effective path length of 1.43 km within the 1 m cell. We measure the cavity output over the 315-350 nm spectral region using a grating monochromator and charge-coupled device array detector. We use published reference spectra with spectral fitting software to simultaneously retrieve CH 2 O and NO 2 concentrations. Independent measurements of NO 2 standard additions by broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and cavity ring-down spectroscopy agree within 2 % (slope for linear fit = 1.02 ± 0.03 with r 2 = 0.998). Standard additions of CH 2 O measured by broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and calculated based on flow dilution are also well correlated, with r 2 = 0.9998. During constant mixed additions of NO 2 and CH 2 O, the 30 s measurement precisions (1σ ) of the current configuration were 140 and 210 pptv, respectively. The current 1 min detection limit for extinction measurements at 315-350 nm provides sufficient sensitivity for measurement of trace gases in laboratory experiments and groundbased field experiments. Additionally, the instrument provides highly accurate, spectroscopically based trace gas detection that may complement higher precision techniques based on non-absolute detection methods. In addition to trace gases, this approach will be appropriate for measurements of aerosol extinction in ambient air, and this spectral region is important for characterizing the strong ultraviolet absorption by brown carbon aerosol.

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“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) are considered to be important oxidants in the atmosphere (Hellpointner and Gäb, 1989;Kok et al 1990;Hewitt and Kok, 1991). These oxidants lead to sulphuric acid generation by the oxidation of S (IV) to S (VI) in the aqueous phase (clouds, fog, rain water, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ambient hydroperoxides using an automated HPLC system and various factors which affect variations of their concentrations in Korea

Hong

Kim

Kang

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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An HPLC system was automated for the measurement of gaseous hydroperoxides in the ambient air. In this system, samples collected using a glass coil without a long sampling tube are injected automatically into HPLC. The analytical system is based on the post-column derivatization, which is a reaction of hydroperoxides with p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid to produce a fluorescent dimer in the presence of horseradish peroxidase as an enzyme catalyst. The detection limits of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were from 0.018 to 0.042 ppbv. The gaseous hydroperoxides were measured in Gwangju during March, May and October 2002, and in Seoul during June 2002. H(2)O(2) concentrations were remarkably low and almost at the detection limit during a period of the yellow sand (Asian dust). These results might be strongly ascribed to the effect of Asian dust particles for heterogeneous loss of peroxides and partly loss of samples due to the storage of sample and analysis. Methyl hydroperoxide (CH(3)OOH) was identified and quantified only in Seoul. The highest concentrations of H(2)O(2) were 0.24, 2.84, and 0.89 ppbv during March, May, October, respectively in Gwangju, and 5.19 ppbv in Seoul. The concentration of CH(3)OOH was as high as 1.1 ppbv and sometimes its concentration was higher than that of H(2)O(2) in the early morning or in the late night. The variability of CH(3)OOH was lower than that of H(2)O(2). H(2)O(2) showed a positive relationship with O(3) (r = 0.54, P < 0.01 level; two-tailed), solar radiation (r = 0.61, P < 0.01 level; two-tailed), temperature (r = 0.66, P < 0.01 level; two-tailed), and a negative relationship with NO( x ) (r = -0.20, P < 0.05 level; two-tailed), and relative humidity (r = -0.58, P < 0.01 level; two-tailed) in Seoul. Thus, photochemical activity is considered an important factor in gaseous H(2)O(2) and CH(3)OOH distribution.

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Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formaldehyde in Glendora, California

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere

Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere

Broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region for measurements of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde

Measurement of ambient hydroperoxides using an automated HPLC system and various factors which affect variations of their concentrations in Korea

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