Measurement of Hardness and Young’s Modulus by Nanoindentation

Chudoba, T.

doi:10.1007/0-387-48756-5_6

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Especially for photo-cured dental resins, a homogenized polymerization is hindered by the shallow polymerization depth. When compared to conventional mechanical testing, the development of instrumented indentation testing (IIT) can provide an array of mechanical properties (elastic modulus, creep, relaxation, different expression of hardness and others), according to ISO [4,10,13], based on the continuous recording of time, force and indentation depth with a Vickers, Berkovich or any other type of indenter that is in contact with the sample surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of contemporary orthodontic adhesives used for lingual fixed retention

Sifakakis

Zinelis

Patcas

et al. 2016

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to test the mechanical properties of different adhesives used in orthodontics for fixed retainers and to investigate their possible interrelations. MA-TERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of six different adhesive resins were prepared: Transbond XT, Transbond LR and an experimental BPA-free orthodontic adhesive, as well as IPS Empress Direct (IPS-ED), ZNano and Accolade. The mechanical properties tested were Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EIT), the ratio of elastic to total work, commonly known as elastic index ( IT) and Vickers hardness (HV). These properties were determined using instrumented indentation testing according to ISO 14577-2002. The results of the aforementioned properties were statistically compared with one-way ANOVA-test and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test at a=0.05, while possible correlations among the properties tested were analyzed by Pearson correlation. RESULTS Significant differences were identified among all the materials tested for HM, with Transbond LR presenting the highest value. This resin presented the highest EIT too. Significant EIT differences were identified among the materials and only ZNano and IPS-ED showed no significant differences for this property. Transbond LR and ZNano showed higher HV values. ZNano demonstrated the highest elastic index. Pearson analysis showed a strong positive correlation between HM and EIT (0.970), HM and HV (0.837), and EIT and HV (0.695), while a weak negative correlation was found between EIT and elastic index (-0.505). CONCLUSIONS The materials tested demonstrated significant differences in their mechanical properties, and thus differences in their clinical performance are anticipated. Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to test the mechanical properties of different adhesives used in orthodontics for fixed retainers and to investigate their possible interrelations. Materials and methods: Specimens of six different adhesive resins were prepared: Transbond XT, Transbond LR and an experimental BPA-free orthodontic adhesive, as well as IPS Empress Direct (IPS-ED), ZNano and Accolade. The mechanical properties tested were Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (E IT ), the ratio of elastic to total work, commonly known as elastic index (η IT ) and Vickers hardness (HV). These properties were determined using instrumented indentation testing according to ISO 14577-2002. The results of the aforementioned properties were statistically compared with one-way ANOVA-test and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test at a = 0.05, while possible correlations among the properties tested were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results: Significant differences were identified among all the materials tested for HM, with Transbond LR presenting the highest value. This resin presented the highest E IT too. Significant E IT differences were identified among the materials and only ZNano and IPS-ED showed no significant differences for this property. Transbond LR and ZNa...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of contemporary orthodontic adhesives used for lingual fixed retention

Sifakakis

Zinelis

Patcas

et al. 2016

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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“…It is common to use compliance rather than stiffness as the relationship is simply Ct = Cs + Cf (5) Accurate determination of this frame compliance of the instrument is therefore essential, particularly for reliable modulus measurement. This can be done by direct or indirect methods.…”

Section: Determination Of Frame Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there is always some elastic deformation occurring before this point it is then necessary to correct the displacement data for the missing depth either assuming Hertzian (since even sharp indenters always have some rounding at the tip) elastic loading, or more generally power-law or linear extrapolation, as suggested in the ISO standard. An example of a Hertzian correction is given by equation 6 [5].…”

Section: Zero Point Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An often quoted rule of thumb is the so-called 1/10 rule where the relative indentation depth (RID = indentation depth/coating thickness) should be less than 0.1 to determine coating-only properties independently of the substrate [1,5]. In practice this usually works well for hardness but less well for elastic modulus.…”

Section: Hardness and Elastic Modulus Of Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanoindentation hardness is defined as the load divided by the projected contact area. However, in the definition of Vickers hardness the actual rather than projected area is used resulting in a geometric scaling factor of 0.927 [5] and after correction for units a final relation of HV = 0.094545 HIT (4) where HV = Vickers hardness and HIT is the depth-sensing indentation hardness.…”

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The pulsed vacuum arc discharge is an effective technology for the deposition of ta‐C coatings on tools and machinery parts. The properties of these carbon coatings differ substantially from conventional hard nitride films particularly with regard to hardness and wear‐resistance. The paper shows analytical results of ta‐C films in comparison to such hard coatings. Thereby different methods are applied for determination of adhesion, friction, wear‐resistance, and indentation hardness. A simple correlation was found between indentation hardness and wear‐resistance over a wide range of hard materials. Furthermore, all investigated films have a strong adhesion on steel in conventional Rockwell tests. But in scratch tests with increasing normal forces brittle ta‐C films delaminate at lower forces from the surface compared to nitride coatings.

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Measurement of Hardness and Young’s Modulus by Nanoindentation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanical properties of contemporary orthodontic adhesives used for lingual fixed retention

Mechanical properties of contemporary orthodontic adhesives used for lingual fixed retention

Advanced Nanomechanical Test Techniques

Properties of ta‐C Films for Tools and Machinery Parts

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