Measurement of forces in liquids using a force microscope

Ducker, William A.; Senden, Tim J.; Pashley, Richard M.

doi:10.1021/la00043a024

Cited by 1,092 publications

(962 citation statements)

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“…With the AFM DLVO forces were measured between several materials which are of special interest in colloidal science, e.g. glass, silica, and silicon nitride [15,16,187,[427][428][429][430][431][432][433][434]; gold [327,429,435,436]; copper and nickel [437]; zinc and lead sulphide [171,172,438]; titanium oxide [169,339,340]; zirconia [165,166,410]; iron oxide [439]; tungsten [175]; cobalt [175]; and alumina [16,[439][440][441][442]. Different polymers [177,189,[443][444][445][446][447], Langmuir-Blodgett and other thin organic layers [126,329,411,448,449] have been analyzed.…”

Section: Electrostatic Double-layer Force and Dlvo Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,151

2,941

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Section: Electrostatic Double-layer Force and Dlvo Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,151

2,941

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“…The liquid medium used in the force measurements was the supernatant of the tailings slurries produced from the bitumen extraction tests. The detailed procedure of AFM force measurements has been described elsewhere (Ducker and Senden, 1992;Long et al, 2005). Briefly, a sample surface moves towards and away from a cantilever tip (colloid probe) by the extension and retraction of an AFM piezotube.…”

Section: Colloidal Force Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel polymer aids for low‐grade oil sand ore processing

Long

et al. 2008

Can J Chem Eng

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In the present study, a hybrid Al(OH) 3 -polyacrylamide (Al-PAM) was synthesized and used in combination with a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) to process a low-grade oil sand ore. It was found that Al-PAM was capable to improve bitumen froth quality and tailings settling. But it led to deterioration in bitumen recovery due to the formation of large bitumen lumps during the bitumen extraction process. To resolve this problem, HPAM was added in combination with Al-PAM as a dual system. The use of the dual system at a low dosage achieved a holistic improvement in bitumen recovery, froth quality, and tailings settling. To understand the role of Al-PAM and the dual system in the bitumen extraction process, bitumen-clay, bitumen-bitumen, and clay-sand interaction and adhesion forces were directly measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The measured forces indicate that bitumen recovery and tailings settling are controlled by the colloidal interaction and adhesion forces between the oil sand components.Dans la présenteétude, un polyacrylamide-Al(OH) 3 hybride (Al-PAM) aété synthétisé et utilisé conjointementà un polyacrylamide partiellement hydrolysé (HPAM) afin de traiter un minerai de sables bitumineux de faible teneur. On a trouvé que l'Al-PAMétait capable d'améliorer la qualité de l'écume de bitume et la sédimentation des résidus. Mais celui-ci donne une moins bonne récupération du bitume en raison de la formation de larges agrégats de bitume lors du procédé d'extraction. Afin de résoudre ce problème, du HPAM aété ajoutéà de l'Al-PAM comme système dual. L'utilisation de ce systèmeà faible dose a permis l'amélioration générale de la récupération de bitume, de la qualité de l'écume et de la sédimentation des résidus. Pour comprendre le rôle de l'Al-PAM et du système dual dans le procédé d'extraction de bitume, l'interaction bitumeargile, bitume-bitume et argile-sable ainsi que les forces d'adhésion ontété mesurées directementà l'aide d'un microscope de force atomique (AFM). Les forces mesurées indiquent que la récupération de bitume et la sédimentation des résidus sont contrôlées par les forces d'interaction et d'adhésion colloidales entre les composantes des sables bitumineux.

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“…30 The cantilever deflects linearly with piezo position and the probe makes rigid contact with the sample surface. Since the cantilever is too weak to cause deformation of the sample, cantilever deflection in the "constant compliance" region must be entirely due to the movement of the piezo.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion of Aureobasidium pullulans Is Controlled by Uronic Acid Based Polymers and Pullulan

et al. 2005

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Aureobasidium pullulans is a potentially pathogenic microfungus that produces and secretes the polysaccharide pullulan and other biomacromolecules, depending on the microbe's physiological state. The role of these macromolecules in mediating adhesion and attachment were examined. Interfacial forces and adhesion affinities of A. pullulans were probed for early-exponential phase (EEP) and late-exponential phase (LEP) cells, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biochemical assays showed that A. pullulans produces both pullulan and a uronic acid based polymer. The pullulan is not produced until the LEP, and it can be removed by treatment with pullulanase. Both adhesion forces between the microbe and the AFM tip (silicon nitride) and attachment of the cells to quartz sand grains were controlled by the density of the uronic acid polymer. Uronic acid polymers doubled in density between the EEP and the LEP and were unaffected by the enzyme pullulanase. Retention to quartz in a packed column was quantified using the collision efficiency (R), the fraction of collisions between the microbes, and the sand grains, that result in attachment. Adhesion forces and retention on glass were well correlated, with these values being higher for EEP cells (F adh ) 7.65 ( 4.67 nN; R ) 1.15) than LEP (F adh ) 2.94 ( 0.75; R ) 0.49) and LEP + pullulanase cells (F adh ) 2.33 ( 2.01 nN; R ) 0.43). Steric interactions alone do not describe the adhesion behavior of this fungus, but they do provide information regarding the length and density of the macromolecules studied.

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Measurement of forces in liquids using a force microscope

Cited by 1,092 publications

References 1 publication

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Novel polymer aids for low‐grade oil sand ore processing

Adhesion of Aureobasidium pullulans Is Controlled by Uronic Acid Based Polymers and Pullulan

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