Measurement of Dose-Area Product with GafChromic XR Type R Film

Thomas, George J.; Li, Yushan; Chu, Robert; Cheung, J.Y.; Maqbool, Feroz; Rabe, F T; Burns, G. Scott

doi:10.1120/jacmp.2025.25352

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…This was consistent with other reported coefficients of variation for flatbed scanners of 1.8% (Thomas et al 2005). …”

Section: Psd Monitoringsupporting

confidence: 93%

An Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Times and Peak Skin Doses during Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Biventricular Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Implant Procedures

Taylor¹,

Selzman²

2009

Health Physics

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Fluoroscopy-guided medical procedures are generally diagnostic in nature and involve low dose and minimal risk to the patient. However, an increasingly larger percentage of procedures offer a therapeutic benefit to the patient. Such interventional procedures are very often technically difficult, but offer a less-invasive alternative to higher-risk surgical procedures. Although infrequent, severe skin injury can result from these procedures that involve total fluoroscopy time in excess of 1 h. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluoroscopy time and peak skin dose (PSD) for lengthy fluoroscopy procedures, and to determine the variables that may best predict PSD.

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“…This was consistent with other reported coefficients of variation for flatbed scanners of 1.8% (Thomas et al 2005). …”

Section: Psd Monitoringsupporting

confidence: 93%

An Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Times and Peak Skin Doses during Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Biventricular Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Implant Procedures

Taylor¹,

Selzman²

2009

Health Physics

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“…Without a direct comparison it is difficult to confirm whether there is an increased dose response for this film over the obsolete XR model. Perhaps the best comparison is with the work by Thomas et al 16 who provided pixel value responses versus air kerma as was presented in this paper. They reported that the film was usable up to 6 and 14 Gy for document scanners and densitometers, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Characteristics of Gafchromic^® XR‐RV2 radiochromic film

Blair

Meyer

2009

Medical Physics

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Gafchromic XR-RV2 is a revised version of the obsolete Gafchromic XR-R-type radiochromic film. This article investigates the dose response, energy response, postexposure growth, and polarizing effects of this film after exposure to ionizing radiation in the diagnostic energy range. The effect of bit depth on scanning was also investigated. Films were scanned using an Epson Expression 10000XL document scanner or an X-Rite model 301 spot densitometer. Color channel analysis was performed. The film showed usable response in the air kerma range of 1-1000 cGy, although by 1500 cGy the film appeared saturated when using the red color channel on a document scanner. The film response varied by 11% between 60 and 96 kVp and 3.5% between 96 and 125 kVp for doses above 1 Gy. Postexposure growth was found to be approximately logarithmic and fairly stable after 24 h. Films stored under office lighting exhibited around twice the density growth compared with film stored in a dark environment. The film showed strong orientation dependence when scanned using a polarized light source. A 48 bit scan provided no increase in sensitivity over 24 bits. Gafchromic XR-RV2 film is a radiochromic film ideally suited for measurement of wide dose ranges at diagnostic energies. The energy dependence of this film limits its accuracy for dosimetry of unknown energy beams. For the document scanners used in this study a 24 bit scan was more than sufficient compared to a 48 bit scan. This is likely to be the case for most document scanners where electrical noise prevents higher bit depths from increasing the sensitivity of measurements.

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“…Its performance characteristics, especially its sufficient wide latitude (range of dose response) and utility have been verified in our earlier publications (Thomas et al , 2005. We had used this recording media to study the radiation dose in interventional radiology (Chu et al 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dose Indices of Radiation to Skin in Fluoroscopically Guided Invasive Cardiology Procedures

Chu¹,

Schechter²,

Chu³

2007

Health Physics

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Tissue injury depends on the extent as well as the intensity of the assault. It would be helpful to develop skin dose indices that are more descriptive of the skin area receiving radiation above a threshold value of potential injury. For monitoring radiation exposure to patients, radiochromic film was placed close to the skin of a patient undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. With the approval of the Institutional Review Board, films from 36 patients were scanned. Contours were drawn at the increment of 100 cGy in air kerma. Using each contour value as a threshold, the area exceeding this threshold and the average dose within this area were computed. For the four patients who had skin doses exceeding the 200 cGy threshold, the peak entrance doses have a range from 230 cGy to 409 cGy. However, these high radiation exposures were confined to limited skin areas and support the absence of any significant skin injury in these patients. The area exceeding a chosen threshold value and the average dose within the area circumscribed might therefore serve as helpful measures of the assault to the skin. This investigation has demonstrated the technical feasibility of providing such dose indices.

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Measurement of Dose-Area Product with GafChromic XR Type R Film

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

An Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Times and Peak Skin Doses during Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Biventricular Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Implant Procedures

An Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Times and Peak Skin Doses during Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Biventricular Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Implant Procedures

Characteristics of Gafchromic^® XR‐RV2 radiochromic film

Dose Indices of Radiation to Skin in Fluoroscopically Guided Invasive Cardiology Procedures

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Measurement of Dose-Area Product with GafChromic XR Type R Film

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

An Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Times and Peak Skin Doses during Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Biventricular Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Implant Procedures

An Evaluation of Fluoroscopic Times and Peak Skin Doses during Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation and Biventricular Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator Implant Procedures

Characteristics of Gafchromic® XR‐RV2 radiochromic film

Dose Indices of Radiation to Skin in Fluoroscopically Guided Invasive Cardiology Procedures

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Product

Resources

About

Characteristics of Gafchromic^® XR‐RV2 radiochromic film