Measurement of appetite disturbances in psychiatric disorders

Robinson, R.; McHugh, Paul R.; Folstein, Marshal F.

doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90021-7

Cited by 73 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Patientstypicallylose weight (12,13,15), althoughsomedo gain weight during a depressive episode (12,17,18). As a pharmacologic treatment, the tricyclic antidepressants remain, even after almost 40 years, the first choice of medication for the treatment of severe major depression throughout the world (16).…”

Section: Abstract: Antidepressants Ingestive Behavior Obesity Depmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs That Cause Weight Gain

Fernstrom

1995

Obesity Research

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Among drugs which cause weight gain, the tricyclic antidepressant medications are a drug class producing persistent andproblematic bodyweight gaininmanytreated patients. Major depressive illness is often associated with reductions in appetiteandbodyweight,andtreatmentwith antidepressants effectively restores mood,appetite andweight. However, afrequent complaint of patients treated with tricyclic drugs is of excessive and unwanted weight gain, oftentimes resulting in medication noncompliance. The incidence of weight gain during acuteandchronic treatmentwith different, frequently prescribed antidepressant drugs will be reviewed, as will the possible mechanisms by which such drugs alter caloric intake and expenditure, contributing to drug-induced weight gain. Key words: antidepressants, ingestive behavior, obesity, depressionTricyclic Antidepressants and Weight Gain: Defining the Problem Change in body weight is a frequent symptom of major depression, likely secondary to alterations in appetite. Patientstypicallylose weight (12,13,15), althoughsomedo gain weight during a depressive episode (12,17,18). As a pharmacologic treatment, the tricyclic antidepressants remain, even after almost 40 years, the first choice of medication for the treatment of severe major depression throughout the world (16). Althoughvery effective agents for restoration of normal mood, there are numerous side effects associated with this drug treatment, particularly unwanted and excessive weight gain. Previously, weight gain during antidepressant treatment had been interpreted as a positive sign of improvement, so prevalent and predictable was the effect. Such weight gain is of concern to both patient and clinician, as this is the reason often cited for medication non-compliance. Over the past 15 years, severalnewer medications of a different drug class, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRk), have become available. These drugs are effective as antidepressants, without the side effect of weight The use of two frequently prescribed tricyclic drugs, amitriptyline (4,8,10,14) and imipramine (1,4,5) havemost often been associated with increasing body weight during treatment (Table 1). Moreover, withinthe tricyclic drug class, amitriptyline appears to promote weight gain to a much greater degreethanthe others (Table 1). In contrast, zimelidine, (which is no longer prescribed but belongs in the category of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) did not promote weight gain. Importantly, in our own studies, no relationship between clinical response and weight gain was observed (4,5,10). In fact, weight change during drug treatment was not negatively correlated with that occurring at disease onset; that is, weight gain was not simply areflection of weight lost during the depressive episode. These results suggest that drug-induced changes in weight likely result from a pharmacologic action of the drug independent of its effect on mood. The mechanism(s) by which tricyclic antidepressants promote weight gain are not well understood and can r...

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Section: Abstract: Antidepressants Ingestive Behavior Obesity Depmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs That Cause Weight Gain

Fernstrom

1995

Obesity Research

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“…Visual analogue scales have for many years enabled subjective, quantitative assessment in the clinical setting of matters of human concern which can not be easily and objectively measured, such as pain (Huskisson, 1974;Scott & Huskisson, 1976), quality of life (Priestman & Baum, 1976;Selby et al, 1984) and appetite (Silverstone & Stunkard, 1968;Hill & Blundell, 1982;Robinson et al, 1975). Typically, these scales are 100 mm horizontal lines which represent the continuum of the subjective feeling to be rated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the traditional paper visual analogue scale questionnaire with an Apple Newton electronic appetite rating system (EARS) in free living subjects feeding ad libitum

Stratton

Stubbs²,

Hughes³

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

105

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Objective: Assessing the value of a newly developed electronic visual analogue scale questionnaire (Apple Newton Message Pad) with the traditional paper method for appetite rating. Design: In a random, crossover design, subjects completed both electronic and paper questionnaires to compare results obtained by the two methods; individual methods were completed consecutively to assess test-retest reliability; preference was established using a questionnaire. Setting/Subjects: Healthy, free-living adults were studied for comparison of methods (n 12), test-retest reliability (n 8) and preference (n 13). Intervention: Visual analogue scales were completed each waking hour to assess appetite. Preference was assessed after both methods were completed. Results: There was no signi®cant difference in the hourly results obtained by the paper and electronic methods for`desire to eat',`how much can you eat now',`urge to eat' and`preoccupation with thoughts of food'. Small differences in`hunger' and`fullness' ratings were noted ( $ 5% mean difference between methods, P`0.05), but patterns of change and sensitivity for these and all other parameters remained similar for both methods across the visual analogue scale. Test-retest reliability demonstrated was similar for both methods. Seven (54%) subjects preferred to use the paper questionnaire, ®ve (38%) the electronic method and one (8%) had no preference. Conclusions: The electronic Apple Newton questionnaire is as sensitive and reliable as the paper method, has the advantage that it automatically records the time of data acquisition and data collection and processing are more ef®cient for the researcher. The two methods should not be used interchangeably.

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“…Eine positive Korrelation der Gewichtszunahme mit steigender Dosierung wurden für die Antipsychotika Perphenazin, Chlopen− tixol [145], Chlorpromazin [146,147] und Quetiapin [130,148] sowie Haloperidol bzw. Fluphenazin−Depotgabe [134] gefunden.…”

Section: Antipsychotikaunclassified