Measurement, evaluation and proposed solution for power distribution arrangements with electrical cables in parallel

Fassarela, Jose Ernesto Viqueti; Fortes, Márcio Zamboti; Sotelo, Guilherme Gonçalves

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.01.056

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Second, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and finite element methods (FEM) can also be used to study this thermal balance and to recreate different types of conductors and operation and weather conditions [ 13 , 14 ] and finally, direct or indirect measurement methods of some line parameters can be used to estimate the temperature of the conductor [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. All the previous methods were used to check the reliability of the infrared thermometer measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Temperature Measurement Sensors of Overhead Power Conductors

Castro

Lecuna

Canteli

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Efficiency in power lines operation is becoming more crucial as the electrification increases and more renewable energies are connected into the grid. New methods and sensors are being added to create smart grids to face these challenges and conductor temperature sensors are one of them. Contact temperature sensors have several problems regarding safety and electronic damage due to the electromagnetic fields induced on the conductors. The goal of this paper is to describe an infrared temperature measurement sensor and to compare contact and non-contact temperature measurements to estimate the temperature of power lines. Measurements were done for almost a year, storing around 150,000 measures of contact and infrared thermometers for many different weather and load conditions. The results conclude that the infrared system can be successfully used to control the temperature of the overhead conductor within a range of less than 4 ∘C difference with respect to contact temperature methods for the 88% of the samples and less than 6 ∘C for the 99%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Temperature Measurement Sensors of Overhead Power Conductors

Castro

Lecuna

Canteli

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…where z H is the smoke layer height measured from smoke layer border to ceiling (m), H is the fire compartment height (m), α is the fire growth coefficient (kW/s 2 )-for this scenario it is 0.003 kW/s 2 , A is the fire compartment area (m 2 ), n is coefficient of fire type (-)-for t-quadratic fire it is 2 and t is time after time ignition (s). Equation (6) proves that smoke volume is not a material parameter, but is determined by geometry of the fire compartment. Material parameter is extinction area of smoke.…”

Section: Application To Selected Fire Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more complex process used to calculate the local volumetric Joule heating is described in the scientific paper [3]. The influence of the electrical current and the environment on the electrical cable temperature has been studied in detail in scientific papers [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to the Assessment of the Reduction in Visibility Caused by Fires of Electrical Cables

Martinka

Rantuch

Rolinec

et al. 2019

Safety

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Electricity is the most important form of household energy and one of the most important forms of energy for industry and transport. Electrical distribution in construction and transport is almost exclusively implemented using electrical cables. One of the unresolved problems associated with electrical cables is the release of smoke and the resulting reduction of visibility in case of fire in the area. In this study, a new approach was developed to assess the reduction of visibility in an area affected by an electrical cable fire. This approach is based on the determination of the critical ratio of smoke volume (in the smoke layer and exhausted from the fire compartment) to the length of the burning cable, through which the visibility of reflective and illuminated signs was reduced to a lower limit value (a standard of 10 m). The input data for this approach was the extinction area of the smoke released from one meter of burning cable and the length of the cables in the area. This approach was used to test two power cables (CHKE-V J3x1.5 and CHKE-R J3x1.5) and one signal cable J-H(St)H 1 × 2 × 0.8 with the B2ca, s1, d1, a1 fire reaction class. The smoke extinction area of the examined cables was determined using a cone calorimeter at a heat flux of 50 kW/m2. The obtained data showed that in order to maintain a visibility of 10 m for reflective signs, the critical ratio of smoke volume to length of burning cable was 7.5 m3/m. For illuminated signs, the critical ratio was 2.8 m3/m. The relationship between burning length and visibility allows the calculation of visibility in the fire compartment affected by cable fire only from cables length.

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