Measurement-device–independent quantum secure direct communication of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon

Abstract

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can realize the direct and secure transmission of information instead of sharing secure keys between two parties. Similar to quantum key distribution (QKD), in practical applications, QSDC may suffer from attacks from imperfect detector. Measurement-device-independent QSDC (MDI-QSDC) can remove all attacks at detector's side and close all loopholes in the detection system. However, existing MDI-QSDC protocols have relatively low capacity. In this paper, we propose a high-capacity MDI-QSDC protocol of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon. Compared with original MDI-QSDC protocols, our protocol has larger channel capacity which can use a single photon to transmit multi-bit of secure information. This protocol may have potential application in future quantum secure communication.

Quantum Key Secure Communication Protocol via Enhanced Superdense Coding

“…Based on this platform it is possible to use a cryptographic protocol with fewer channels like QKSC, which results in a simplification of the Cubesat and the buoys associated with each submarine. Thus, the combination established between the aforementioned Cubesat and the QKSC protocol (with a dynamic key like the one explained above) seems to be the ideal solution, although several alternatives arise taking into account the transmission of the first key, and the reduced footprint generated by that Cubesat: a) the first key is not transmitted, but was pre-agreed before the submarines set sail, b) the first key is transmitted directly to both allied submarines thanks to a multi-photon source 65 and without any protocol, emphasizing the little footprint, c) similar to the previous case but using a single-photon source [79][80][81] , d) the first key is transmitted via a QKD protocol using a multi-photon source 65 , emphasizing the little footprint again, or e) similar to the previous case but using a single-photon source [79][80][81] .…”

Sender-controlled measurement-device-independent multiparty quantum communication

“…Measurement-device-independent (MDI) architecture [27] provides a simplified strategy for removing serious side-channel attacks on practical measurement apparatuses by using postselected entanglement. For instance, two legitimate parties with practical measurement apparatuses can share private key by MDI-QKD [21,22] and directly exchange classical messages over quantum channels by MDI-QSDC [28][29][30][31].…”

Deterministic secure quantum communication with practical devices

“…One classical bit should be transmitted from Alice to Bob in DSQC, but should not in QSDC. QSDC was first proposed by Long and Liu, 13 then developed by many other researchers, 14‐18 such as measurement‐device‐independent QSDC, 19,20 device‐independent QSDC 21 . Recently, QSDC also has been demonstrated in experiment based on single photon, 22 quantum entanglement with quantum memory, 23 and entanglement photon 24 .…”