Measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing and quantum conference based on Gaussian cluster state

Abstract

Cluster state is the basic resource for one-way quantum computation and a valuable resource for establishing quantum network, because it has a flexible and varied composition form. We present measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing (QSS) and quantum conference (QC) schemes based on continuous variable (CV) four-mode cluster state with different structures. The users of the protocol prepare their own Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) states, respectively. One mode of these EPR states is sent to an untrusted relay where a generalized Bell measurement creates different types of CV cluster states among four users, while the other mode is kept at their own station. We show that a shared secret key for QSS and QC schemes is distilled based on the shared quantum correlation among four users. QC and four users QSS are implemented based on the star shape CV cluster state. QSS with three users are implemented based on the linear or square shape CV cluster states. The results show that the secure transmission distance for an asymmetric network, where the transmission distances between the users and relay are different, is longer than that of a symmetric network, where the transmission distances between the users and relay are the same. The presented schemes provide concrete references for establishing quantum network with the CV cluster state.

Quantum network based on non-classical light

“…This technique is then extended to connect two CV cluster states, which can be used to build a quantum network based on CV cluster state [85]. It has also been shown that CV GHZ and cluster states can be used in measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing and quantum conference network [86,87], which provide concrete quantum communication schemes in CV quantum networks.…”

Detector‐device‐independent quantum secret sharing based on hyper‐encoding and single‐photon Bell‐state measurement

“…33,34 Measurement-device-independent (MDI) QSS was presented based on postselected entanglement caused by the multi-photon interference of photons from independent single-photon sources. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] However, in the optimal optical Bell-state analyzer, its success probability is 50% while for the optimal optical N-partite GHZ-state analyzer, its success probability is only 2/N. 43 Recently, a detector-device-independent (DDI) QSS protocol with source flaws was proposed based on GHZ states, 44 where the security is ensured by the MDI entanglement witness (MDI-EW).…”

Topological error correction with a Gaussian cluster state

“…Continuous variable (CV) QC, where information is encoded in the amplitude and phase quadratures of photonic harmonic oscillators, can be realized deterministically and unconditionally [3,25,26]. The CV cluster state is a basic resource for one-way CV QC [3] and quantum networks [27,28]. Recently, large-scale CV cluster states in time the domain [29,30] and with frequency comb [31,32] have been prepared experimentally, and provide sufficient quantum resources for one-way CV QC.…”