Detector‐device‐independent quantum secret sharing based on hyper‐encoding and single‐photon Bell‐state measurement

Abstract

Multiparty quantum communication attracts continuous attention due tothe better adaptability for the future quantum internet than point-to-point communication. Unfortunately, the imperfections of practical devices are exploited to take side-channel attacks which threatens the security of practical multiparty quantum communication. We propose a three-party detector-device-independent quantum secret sharing (DDI-QSS) protocol based on hyper-encoding and single-photon Bell-state measurement. It works in a deterministic way. The hyper-encoding circuit and single-photon Bell-state measurement device can be built with only linear optical elements, which makes the protocol more practical. Different from the measurementdevice-independent setting, the DDI-QSS protocol does not require the multi-photon interference of photons from independent sources. We prove that it is secure against general entanglement-measure attacks launched by a dishonest participant.

Multiple-participant measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing protocol based on entanglement swapping

“…In 2015, Fu et al proposed the first three-party measurementdevice-independent (MDI) QSS protocol, which can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices and largely enhance QSS's security in practical experimental condition [52]. Subsequently, some interesting MDI-QSS and detector-device-independent (DDI) QSS protocols have been proposed [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. In 2016, the MDI-QSS protocol using the continuous-variable (CV) GHZ state was proposed [53].…”

“…In 2019, Wang et al proposed the MDI-QSS protocol based on CV four-mode cluster states [54]. Recently, researchers proposed the deterministic MDI and DDI QSS protocols, where the sender can distribute the deterministic keys to the receivers [56][57][58][59]. For example, in 2020, Gao et al put forward a deterministic MDI-QSS protocol, which exploits post-selected GHZ states to establish exclusive correlations among a sender and receivers without any basis reconciliation [56].…”

“…For example, in 2020, Gao et al put forward a deterministic MDI-QSS protocol, which exploits post-selected GHZ states to establish exclusive correlations among a sender and receivers without any basis reconciliation [56]. In 2021, Yang et al proposed a deterministic threeparty DDI-QSS protocol based on the hyper-encoding and single-photon Bell-state measurement, which is proved secure against general entanglement-measure attacks launched by a dishonest participant [57]. In 2022, an MDI-QSS protocol based on hyperentanglement is proposed, which can improve the secret key generation rate by using complete hyperentanglement GHZ state analysis [60].…”