Measurement-Based Propagation Channel Characteristics for Millimeter-Wave 5G Giga Communication Systems

Abstract

This paper presents millimeter‐wave (mmWave) propagation characteristics and channel model parameters including path loss, delay, and angular properties based on 28 GHz and 38 GHz field measurement data. We conducted measurement campaigns in both outdoor and indoor at the best potential hotspots. In particular, the model parameters are compared to sub‐6 GHz parameters, and system design issues are considered for mmWave 5G Giga communications. For path loss modeling, we derived parameters for both the close‐in free space model and the alpha–beta–gamma model. For multipath models, we extracted delay and angular dispersion characteristics including clustering results.

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

“…Owing to the vast spectrum availability in millimeter‐wave (mmWave) bands, increasing attention has been given to mmWave 5G (and references therein). In reviewing 5G requirements and visions , the authors study the necessity of mmWave introduction for 5G.…”

“…Numerous measurements and channel modeling for frequencies above 6 GHz have been recently reported and proposed for standards (and references therein). To develop harmonized common models, researchers in industry and academia have collectively published white papers .…”

“…From our multipath-rich urban measurement data, we observe that the maximum power receiving direction is dependent on the beamwidth. Numerous measurements and channel modeling for frequencies above 6 GHz have been recently reported and proposed for standards [4]- [6] (and references therein). To develop harmonized common models, researchers in industry and academia have collectively published white papers [11]- [13].…”

Untitled

“…Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membandingkan penggunaan frekuensi mmWave di 60GHz, 38GHz, 28GHz, dan 5GHz dan penggunaan unlicenced 2,4GHz yang sudah digunakan secara bebas untuk penerapan frekuensi untuk keperluan ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical). Pendekatan empiris dilakukan dengan mensimulasikan perhitungan berdasarkan formula propagasi indoor yang sudah teruji untuk frekuensi tinggi [6]. Simulasi ini melibatkan beberapa paremeter input dari kondisi nyata ruangan, misalnya ketebalan dinding, pintu, dan jendela beserta pemakaian jenis bahan yang dipakai sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas sinyal penerima.…”

“…Pada propagasi ruang bebas hanya ada rugi-rugi sinyal sebagai fungsi jarak antara pemancar dan penerima. Model yang paling sederhana adalah apabila kondisi saling melihat antara pemancar dan penerima terpenuhi dan hanya ada satu sinyal langsung yang diterima, sehingga perhitungan redaman dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus redaman ruang bebas atau free space loss (FSL) dan berlaku juga pada frekuensi mmWave [2] Sampai saat ini, model empiris redaman propagasi indoor khususnya untuk pemakaian frekuensi mmWave masih dalam tahap penelitian lebih lanjut [6]. Berdasarkan pendekatan model propagasi empiris [7] yang digabungkan dengan redaman parameter simualasi [8], rumusan propagasi dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut:…”