Measurement and analysis of truck and rail vibration levels in Thailand

Abstract

SUMMARYWorldwide increase in trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration and the spread of technology has caused an increased focus to be put on designing packages that can protect goods shipped globally. This requires a wide-ranging understanding of the distribution environments on a global basis. Several past studies have mapped the vibration levels for surface transportation along the most popular shipment routes in countries such as Brazil, Canada, China, India and the USA. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vibration levels observed for truck and rail shipments for major transportation routes in Thailand, one of the leading economies in the Southeast Asia region. Data recorders were used to collect the vibration data which were then analysed in terms of power spectral densities. Vibration levels observed from various segments of transportation are presented in the form of power density spectrums. Composite spectrums that can be used to simulate the measured vibration conditions in Thailand are presented.

Load Securement and Packaging Methods to Reduce Risk of Damage and Personal Injury for Cargo Freight in Truck, Container and Intermodal Shipments

“…Previous studies have measured and quantified the severity of both physical and climatic levels of various transportation systems and monitored packages in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, including inter-continental shipments [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Based on these studies, international associations and professional societies like the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), International Safe Transit Association (ISTA), and International Standards Organization (ISO) have developed test methods to perform pre-shipment testing to simulate package testing to various elements that may include atmospheric and climatic conditioning, tip-over, shock and impact, transport vibration, manual and fork lift handling, low pressure and compression.…”

Multi-Mechanism Non-Linear Vibration Harvester Combining Inductive and Magnetostrictive Mechanisms

“…(12)(13)(14) can determined except for the quantity Bl which will be referred as the transformation factor for the rest of the analysis. In order to estimate the transformation factor we determined the spatial distribution of magnetic flux density and discretize the coil length using an experimentally verified approach described in literature [24,30,40].…”

“…Power can be calculated by evaluating Eqs. (12)(13)(14) as determined by applying Kirchoff's law to the magnetic circuit.…”

“…Within this frequency range the vibration frequency can fluctuate requiring the capability to harvest at broad range of frequencies [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Therefore, the emphasis was on developing a low frequency, high power density, and broadband vibration energy harvester.…”

Measurement and Analysis of Transport Vibration for LTL Freight Utilizing Stowage Optimization Equipment

“…With this unavoidable diversity in cargo, LTL carriers are faced with the challenge of optimizing the available space in the trailers with the largest number of shipping units that can be shipped without causing damage and compromising safety. Past research has studied the severity of both physical and climatic levels of various transportation systems and monitored packages in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, including inter-continental shipments [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Based on such studies, organizations like the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), International Safe Transit Association (ISTA), and International Standards Organization (ISO) have developed test methods to perform pre-shipment testing to simulate package testing to various elements that may include atmospheric and climatic conditioning, tip-over, shock and Developing optimum protective packaging to overcome the physical and ambient environment related distribution elements faced by the product-package systems requires a balance between insufficient and excessive packaging.…”