Measured symmetry of facial 3D shape and perceived facial symmetry and attractiveness before and after orthognathic surgery

Ostwald, Julia; Berssenbrügge, Philipp; Dirksen, Dieter; Runte, Christoph; Wermker, Kai; Kleinheinz, Johannes; Jung, Susanne

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2015.03.003

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Using this detailed 3D planning, we demonstrated that patients with cleft-associated deformity (maxillary hypoplasia, class III malocclusion, and asymmetry) had improvement of facial contour asymmetry after OGS treatment, with similar post-OGS facial contour asymmetry values to normal individuals for all tested 2D and 3D photogrammetric-based objective methods. The 2D planning group composed by patients with similar deformities did not have significant changes in facial contour asymmetry after OGS treatment, as previously demonstrated 17,48 . Furthermore, the 2D planning group had inferior post-OGS facial contour asymmetry outcome than normal individuals for all tested photogrammetric methods.…”

Section: Lateral Lower Chin N (%)supporting

confidence: 69%

Outcome of facial contour asymmetry after conventional two-dimensional versus computer-assisted three-dimensional planning in cleft orthognathic surgery

Hsu

Denadai

Pai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Computer-assisted 3D planning has overcome the limitations of conventional 2D planning-guided orthognathic surgery (OGS), but difference for facial contour asymmetry outcome has not been verified to date. This comparative study assessed the facial contour asymmetry outcome of consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who underwent 2D planning (n = 37)-or 3D simulation (n = 38)-guided OGS treatment for correction of maxillary hypoplasia and skeletal Class III malocclusion between 2010 and 2018. Normal age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched individuals (n = 60) were enrolled for comparative analyses. 2D (n = 60, with 30 images for each group) and 3D (n = 43, with 18 and 25 images for 2D planning and 3D simulation groups, respectively) photogrammetric-based facial contour asymmetry-related measurements were collected from patients and normal individuals. The facial asymmetry was further verified by using subjective perception of a panel composed of 6 blinded raters. On average, the facial contour asymmetry was significantly (all p < 0.05) reduced after 3D virtual surgery planning for all tested parameters, with no significant differences between post-OGS 3D simulation-related values and normal individuals. No significant differences were observed for pre-and post-OGS values in conventional 2D planning-based treatment, with significant (all p < 0.05) differences for all normal individuals-related comparisons. This study suggests that 3D planning presents superior facial contour asymmetry outcome than 2D planning.Orthognathic surgery (OGS) plays a key role for successful management of a myriad of facial deformities associated with malocclusion, with facial asymmetry feature being most frequently associated with skeletal class III malocclusion 1-3 . Particularly, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate differ from the noncleft population, because they have a congenital orofacial defect compromising both the bone and soft tissues on the lesion side 4-6 , which may be expressed as facial asymmetry 7-15 . Skeletal mature patients with clefts frequently presents with maxillomandibular disharmony (maxillary hypoplasia and skeletal class III malocclusion) which requires OGS treatment 7-15 . As residual facial asymmetry after OGS treatment may negatively impact patients' perceptions about outcome requiring further revisionary surgical interventions [16][17][18][19] , the significance of preoperative prediction of this deformity should not be underestimated 15,16,20 . Therefore, it is of paramount that an accurate diagnosis of asymmetry is accomplished preoperatively for that a precise surgical planning and execution is performed 7,15,16,20 .In this setting, OGS planning has evolved over the past decades 15-24 . Traditionally, OGS planning has been constructed on two-dimensional (2D) cephalometry, 2D photographic analysis, articulators, and dental models 21,22 . However, this planning modality presents limitations for challenging clinical scenarios such as patients with clefts associated with malocclusion a...

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Section: Lateral Lower Chin N (%)supporting

confidence: 69%

Outcome of facial contour asymmetry after conventional two-dimensional versus computer-assisted three-dimensional planning in cleft orthognathic surgery

Hsu

Denadai

Pai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is limited evidence to suggest that asymmetry in the occlusal relationships is correlated with both subjective and objective measures of facial symmetry (Ostwald et al, ). This may be relevant as a large body of literature has related facial symmetry to attractiveness and thus genetic selection pressures, intelligence, and health‐related characteristics such as the number of respiratory infections (Little, Jones, & DeBruine, ; Pound et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower face asymmetry as a marker for developmental instability

Hujoel

Masterson

Bollen

2017

American J Hum Biol

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“…Currently, facial asymmetry is mainly evaluated using the entire facial surface, thus providing measurements that give only general information about facial morphology (Ostwald et al 2015;Verhoeven et al 2016). In contrast, several pathologies affecting facial appearance are localized in selected parts of the face (Avelar et al 2010;Djordjevic et al 2014a), and a local assessment can provide helpful information for clinical decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial thirds–based evaluation of facial asymmetry using stereophotogrammetric devices: Application to facial palsy subjects

Codari

Pucciarelli

Stangoni

et al. 2017

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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Many conditions can compromise facial symmetry, resulting in an impairment of the affected person from both esthetic and functional points of view. For these reasons, a detailed, focused, and objective evaluation of facial asymmetry is needed, both for surgical planning and for treatment evaluation. In this study, we present a new quantitative method to assess symmetry in different facial thirds, objectively defined on the territories of distribution of trigeminal branches. A total of 70 subjects (40 healthy controls and 30 patients with unilateral facial palsy) participated. A stereophotogrammetric system and the level of asymmetry of the subjects' hemi-facial thirds was evaluated, comparing the root mean square of the distances (RMSD) between their original and mirrored facial surfaces. Results show a high average reproducibility of area selection (98.8%) and significant differences in RMSD values between controls and patients (p = 0.000) for all of the facial thirds. No significant differences were found on different thirds among controls (p > 0.05), whereas significant differences were found for the upper, middle, and lower thirds of patients (p = 0.000). The presented method provides an accurate, reproducible, and local facial symmetry analysis that can be used for different conditions, especially when only part of the face is asymmetric.

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Measured symmetry of facial 3D shape and perceived facial symmetry and attractiveness before and after orthognathic surgery

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Outcome of facial contour asymmetry after conventional two-dimensional versus computer-assisted three-dimensional planning in cleft orthognathic surgery

Outcome of facial contour asymmetry after conventional two-dimensional versus computer-assisted three-dimensional planning in cleft orthognathic surgery

Lower face asymmetry as a marker for developmental instability

Facial thirds–based evaluation of facial asymmetry using stereophotogrammetric devices: Application to facial palsy subjects

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