Facial thirds–based evaluation of facial asymmetry using stereophotogrammetric devices: Application to facial palsy subjects

Codari, Marina; Pucciarelli, Valentina; Stangoni, Fabiano; Zago, Matteo; Tarabbia, Filippo; Biglioli, Federico; Sforza, Chiarella

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2016.11.003

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The introduction of modern 3D image acquisition and elaboration procedures allows the operators to perform more precise and complete analyses based on mirroring and registration techniques. This type of procedures have already been applied to the assessment of facial asymmetry, through the reconstruction of a midsagittal plane [12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirroring Procedures for the Assessment of Asymmetry of Different Anatomical Structures of the Cranium: A Protocol Based on 3D-3D Superimposition

Gibelli¹,

Pucciarelli²,

Codari³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th International Conference and Exhibition On 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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The assessment of asymmetry has always represented one of the most relevant field of research in anatomy, with several applications in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. This study aims at exposing an innovative protocol for the assessment of asymmetry of cranial structures based on 3D-3D superimposition and mirroring procedures. Five patients who underwent a head CT scan were selected. Three anatomical structures were automatically segmented through ITK-SNAP free software: maxillary sinuses, zygomatic bones and the petrous portion of both temporal bones. The left structure was then reflected automatically into the right image and superimposed over the contralateral one according to the least point-to-point distance on the entire surface. RMS (root mean square) distance was then automatically calculated for each superimposition. In addition, a chromatic map of superimposition was generated, showing the most variable areas between the two sides. Possible statistically significant differences in RMS value according to the three anatomical structures were assessed through one-way ANOVA test (p<0.05). On average, RMS values for maxillary sinuses, zygomatic bones and petrous part of temporal bones were respectively 1.00 mm (SD: 0.27 mm), 0.70 mm (SD: 0.34 mm) and 1.26 mm (SD: 0.17 mm). A significant difference among the symmetry of the three analysed structures was found (p<0.01, ANOVA). A novel approach for the assessment of anatomical asymmetry is suggested, based both on a morphological and a quantitative evaluation of differences between the right and left side skull bones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirroring Procedures for the Assessment of Asymmetry of Different Anatomical Structures of the Cranium: A Protocol Based on 3D-3D Superimposition

Gibelli¹,

Pucciarelli²,

Codari³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th International Conference and Exhibition On 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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“…Acquisitions were obtained after the patients' written informed consent and did not involve any invasive, painful or dangerous procedure. All procedures were performed as previously described in the literature [12,13]. In brief, on each facial image, a set of 50 anthropometric landmarks were identified and digitized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft-Tissue Facial Asymmetry Before and After Orthognathic Surgery: Application of a New 3d Protocol

Pozzo¹,

Rusconi²,

Beltramini³

et al. 2018

EDUJ

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Introduction: Skeletal Class III patients often present a major facial asymmetry. In the current investigation, a quantitative method to assess 3D facial asymmetry was applied to an orthognathic surgery patient to quantify possible postsurgical modifications. Methodology: Soft-tissue facial scans of a 20-year-old man with skeletal Class III, candidate to orthognathic surgery, were collected in the pre-surgery stage and 6, 12, 24 months post-surgery with a stereophotogrammetric system. Soft tissue asymmetry was calculated in the facial thirds according to a published protocol (J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017;45(1):76-81), and the relevant time-related modifications described. The results were also compared to normal values from a group of 23 control subjects (10 men, 13 women, mean age 26) by using z-scores. Results:The longitudinal analysis of the soft-tissue facial asymmetry showed a marked difference in the analysed time points: orthognathic surgery did reduce facial symmetry in the present patient. The comparison between the patient and the control subjects by using z-scores highlighted a clear difference in all-time points: the patient with facial dysmorphia had a higher degree of asymmetry than healthy subjects. Conclusion: The measurements of soft-tissue facial asymmetry using 3D optical digitisers can provide clinically useful information. The graphical representation of results can help in the patient's understanding of the treatment phases, thus increasing compliance.

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“…Ears were excluded too (Figure 1). The procedure is described in detail in a previous study performed by our group, and it was found to be repeatable [13]. For all the twin couples, the FAIs of the corresponding siblings were registered.…”

Section: Identification Of Facial Area Of Interest (Fai) and Facial Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the current investigation is to evaluate differences and similarities on the superimposed facial thirds of couples of MZT acquired through stereophotogrammetry. An anatomic criterion, previously validated by our group, is used in the definition of the thirds [13]. Since the common genetic background of the MZT, the information obtained in this study can be of interest in assessing the respective influences by genes or environment on facial morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third-Based Facial Similarities and Differences of Monozygotic Twins: A Stereophotogrammetric 3D Assessment

Pucciarelli¹,

Gibelli²,

Angelis³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th International Conference and Exhibition On 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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The genetic background of the craniofacial development is a sensitive topic: in this context twin studies have had a relevant role as they allow to understand the effect of genes on the anatomical variability observed in the population. In particular, monozygotic twins (MZT) share the same DNA and allow to evaluate the genetic component of a specific morphology. In order to understand the similarities and differences on the facial morphology of MZT in different portions of the face, a thirdbased, superimposition approach was applied to the 3D facial scans of 10 couples of MZT. The experimental subjects were acquired through a stereophotogrammetric system, after the identification of a set of reference landmarks on their facial surfaces. The landmarks were used to segment facial areas of interest from the 3D reconstructions and to subdivide them into thirds, according to the territories of distribution of trigeminal branches for somatic sensitivity. The left and right upper, middle and lower facial thirds of each MZT couple were pairwise superimposed and the root mean square (RMS) point-to-point distances were automatically calculated. Data were statistically analysed through a two-way ANOVA, setting the level of significance at 5%. Post-hoc tests were performed with the necessary reductions in the degrees of freedom. Results revealed statistically significant differences among thirds (p < 0.05), while no differences were found for facial sides (p > 0.05) or for the third x side interaction (p > 0.05). Post hoc tests showed statistically significant differences between the upper and the lower facial thirds, and the middle and lower facial thirds (p < 0.05), with the middle and lower thirds being the more different between the couples. In conclusion, stereophotogrammetric techniques can be valid instruments to analyse the facial morphology of MZT. The acquisition procedure is easy to perform, fast and free from risk, being suitable to obtain multiple subsequent 3D reconstructions. These reconstructions can be superimposed and locally analysed in order to provide an anatomically-based, detailed description of the most similar and different facial areas, useful for the evaluation of the genetic components of a specific morphology.

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Facial thirds–based evaluation of facial asymmetry using stereophotogrammetric devices: Application to facial palsy subjects

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Mirroring Procedures for the Assessment of Asymmetry of Different Anatomical Structures of the Cranium: A Protocol Based on 3D-3D Superimposition

Mirroring Procedures for the Assessment of Asymmetry of Different Anatomical Structures of the Cranium: A Protocol Based on 3D-3D Superimposition

Soft-Tissue Facial Asymmetry Before and After Orthognathic Surgery: Application of a New 3d Protocol

Third-Based Facial Similarities and Differences of Monozygotic Twins: A Stereophotogrammetric 3D Assessment

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