Measles hospitalizations, United States, 1977-84: comparison with national surveillance data.

Markowitz, L. E.; Tomasi, Alberto; Sirotkin, Barry; Carr, Robert W.; Davis, Robert Murray; Preblud, Stephen R.; Orenstein, Walter A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.866

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[10][11][12][13] However, AOM following acute measles infection has generally been considered to be caused by secondary bacterial infection and this is the first report on the isolation of measles virus from MEF in patients with AOM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of measles virus from middle ear fluid of infants with acute otitis media

Yano

Suetake

Endo

et al. 2005

Journal of Infection

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of measles virus from middle ear fluid of infants with acute otitis media

Yano

Suetake

Endo

et al. 2005

Journal of Infection

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“…A key complication is otitis media, which occurs in up to 10% of individuals who have been hospitalized due to the acute infection [95][96][97]. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown and again it could possibly be due to the virus-mediated immunosuppression, which allows opportunistic secondary infections in the middle ear by decreasing levels of IgG and IgM within this compartment.…”

Section: Hearing Loss and Measles Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Morbilliviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the family Paramyxoviridae. The most instantly recognizable member is measles virus (MV) and individuals acutely infected with the virus exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from a characteristic mild selflimiting infection to death. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) cause a similar but distinctive pathology in dogs and cattle, respectively, and these, alongside experimental MV infection of primates, have been useful models for MV pathogenesis. Traditionally, viruses were identified because a distinctive disease was observed in man or animals; an infectious agent was subsequently isolated, cultured, and this could be used to recapitulate the disease in an experimentally infected host. Thus, satisfying Koch's postulates has been the norm. More recently, particularly due to the advent of exceedingly sensitive molecular biological assays, many researchers have looked for infectious agents in disease conditions for which a viral aetiology has not been previously established. For these cases, the modified Koch's postulates of Bradford Hill have been developed as criteria to link a virus to a specific disease. Only in a few cases have these conditions been fulfilled. Therefore, many viruses have over the years been definitely and tentatively linked to human diseases and in this respect the morbilliviruses are no different. In this review, human diseases associated with morbillivirus infection have been grouped into three broad categories: (1) those which are definitely caused by the infection; (2) those which may be exacerbated or facilitated by an infection; and (3) those which currently have limited, weak, unsubstantiated or no credible scientific evidence to support any link to a morbillivirus. Thus, an attempt has been made to clarify the published data and separate human diseases actually linked to morbilliviruses from those that are merely anecdotally associated.

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“…This study found increasing hospitalizations for measles in the US between 2002-2016, with prolonged and costly hospitalizations. The estimated total number of measles hospitalizations in the US from 1977-1984 was 13,710 [26], which increased from 1985-1996 to 28,047, driven largely by the 1989-1991 epidemic [27]. From 1996 to 2002 measles hospitalizations were at an all-time low in US history with an estimated �23 cases annually [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found gastrointestinal, hematologic, infectious, neurologic, ophthalmologic, pulmonary, and renal complications in inpatients with measles. From 1977-1984, the most common complications among hospitalized patients included pneumonia or other respiratory complications (34%), otitis media (8.5%), and encephalitis/convulsions/coma (3.4%); while pneumonia and otitis media frequency decreased with age, neurologic complications increased [26]. From 1987-2000, among all cases of measles, diarrhea (8.2%), otitis media (7.3%), pneumonia (5.9%), and encephalitis (0.1%) were the most prevalent [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on historical data, the CDC has estimated that approximately 1 in 4 of cases of measles in the US result in hospitalization, and 1 in 1000 cases results in death. Hospitalizations for measles precipitously declined with widespread measles vaccination [26,27]. Without vaccination, there would be 400,000 hospitalizations costing >$3 billion USD and >1,800 deaths annually [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inpatient morbidity and mortality of measles in the United States

Chovatiya

Silverberg

2020

PLoS ONE

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Background Measles is an extremely contagious, vaccine-preventable infection that was officially declared eradicated in the US in 2000. However, measles outbreaks are increasingly occurring in the US. Measles cases have considerable morbidity requiring hospitalization, yet little is known about hospitalization and complications from measles in recent years. Objectives To analyze the frequency, predictors, costs and other outcomes of hospitalization for measles in the US. Methods The 2002-2016 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, containing a 20% sample of US hospitalizations (n = 96,568,625), was analyzed. Measles and comorbidities were defined by International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariable survey logistic regression and linear regression models controlling for sociodemographic demographic factors were constructed to understand associations with organ-specific complications, and cost of care and length of stay, respectively. Results Overall, 1,018 measles hospitalizations occurred in 2002-2016, and hospitalizations increased over time. In multivariable logistic regression models, measles was associated with higher odds of gastrointestinal, hematologic, infectious, neurologic, ophthalmologic, pulmonary, and renal complications, with the strongest association observed with encephalitis (39.84 [16.51-96.12], P<0.0001).

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Measles hospitalizations, United States, 1977-84: comparison with national surveillance data.

Abstract: (Am J Public Health 1987; 77:866-868.)

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Isolation of measles virus from middle ear fluid of infants with acute otitis media

Isolation of measles virus from middle ear fluid of infants with acute otitis media

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Inpatient morbidity and mortality of measles in the United States

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