Measles Epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000

Abstract

In 1999-2000, a measles epidemic occurred in The Netherlands, with 3292 reported cases; 94% of the affected patients had not been vaccinated. Only 1 patient had received 2 doses of vaccine. Three patients died, and 16% had complications. For the unvaccinated population, the incidence per 1000 inhabitants 15 months to 14 years old increased from 83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 53-113), in municipalities with vaccine coverage rates < or =90%, to 200 (95% CI, 153-247), in municipalities with coverage rates >95%; for the vaccinated population, the incidence increased from 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1-0.4) to 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9-1.9). Unvaccinated individuals were 224 times (95% CI, 148-460 times) more likely to acquire measles than were vaccinated individuals; the relative risk increased with decreasing vaccine coverage. Herd immunity outside unvaccinated clusters was high enough to prevent further transmission. More case patients came from the vaccine-accepting population living among unvaccinated clusters than from individuals who declined vaccination and who lived among the vaccine-accepting population.

Nonnucleoside Inhibitor of Measles Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Complex Activity

“…Globally, measles is the leading cause of childhood death from a vaccine-preventable disease (http://www.cdc.gov /programs/global06.htm) and remains among the 10 most lethal human pathogens. Transmitted via the respiratory route, the virus is highly communicable and one of the most infectious pathogens identified (19,21,47). Complications associated with MV infection include acute encephalitis in approximately 0.1% of cases and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, a lethal late sequela that occurs years after the primary infection (19,22).…”

Clinical characteristics, complications and prognosis of seventy-nine measles cases Yetmişdokuz kızamık olgusunda klinik özellikler, komplikasyonlar ve prognoz

“…In a recent study about measles epidemic in The Netherlands 1999-2000; 16% complication rate was reported among 3292 cases. The most frequent complications in this study were otitis media and pneumonia treated at home (20). In this epidemic, postmeasles pneumonia was reported as 33% (21).…”

Current Situation on Measles, Rubella, Mumps and Chickenpox Vaccinations

“…Kızamığın önlenebilmesi için toplumun %92-95'inin kızamık aşısı ile aşılanması gerekir. Hollanda'da yaşanan bir salgında aşılanma-mış bireylerin aşılılara kıyasla 224 kat daha fazla olasılıkla kızamık oldukları bildirilmiştir (2) .…”