Mean Skin Temperature During Anaesthesia: An Assessment of Formulae in the Supine Surgical Patient

Shanks, Colin A.

doi:10.1093/bja/47.8.871

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The mean skin temperature (MST), mean body temperature (MBT), vasoconstriction time, and vasoconstriction threshold that triggers core warming were calculated with the following formulas: the MST = 0.3( T chest + T arm ) + 0.2( T thigh + T calf ) 5. The MBT was calculated using the equation 0.64 T core +0.36 T skin , and vasoconstriction was determined by calculating T forearm − T finger =0–4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of body mass index on perioperative thermoregulation

Özer¹,

Altun²,

Erhan³

et al. 2016

TCRM

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PurposeWe evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on thermoregulation in obese patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic abdominal surgery.MethodsSixty patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic abdominal surgery with no pre-medication were included in the study. The patients were classified into 4 groups according to BMI <24.9, 25–39.9, 40–49.9, and >50. Anesthesia was provided with routine techniques. Tympanic and peripheral temperatures were recorded every 5 minutes starting with the induction of anesthesia. The mean skin temperature (MST), mean body temperature (MBT), vasoconstriction time, and vasoconstriction threshold that triggers core warming were calculated with the following formulas: MST = 0.3 (Tchest + Tarm) + 0.2 (Tthigh + Tcalf). MBT was calculated using the equation 0.64Tcore+0.36Tskin, and vasoconstriction was determined by calculating Tforearm−Tfinger.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, duration of operation, and room temperature. Compared to those with BMI <24.9, the tympanic temperature was significantly higher in those with BMI =25–39.9 in the 10th, 15th, 20th, and 50th minutes. In addition, BMI =40–49.9 in the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th, 45th, 50th, and 55th minutes and BMI >50 in the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 50th, and 55th minutes were less than those with BMI <24.9 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of MST and MBT. Vasoconstriction occurred later, and that vasoconstriction threshold was significantly higher in patients with higher BMIs.ConclusionUnder anesthesia, the core temperature was protected more easily in obese patients as compared to nonobese patients. Therefore, obesity decreases the negative effects of anesthesia on thermoregulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of body mass index on perioperative thermoregulation

Özer¹,

Altun²,

Erhan³

et al. 2016

TCRM

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“…We measured skin temperatures at 4 points (Ramanthan) to calculate MST, which was the only technically possible way in this study. Shanks (19) found that optimal values required at least 10 skin temperature points, but since this was impossible for technical reasons, a 4-point technique was considered adequate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced‐air surface warming versus oesophageal heat exchanger in the prevention of peroperative hypothermia

Leikersfeldt

1998

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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“…Heart rate (HR, beat/min), mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg), central and peripheral temperatures, room temperature, and shivering score (0: no shivering, 1: presence of 1 or more of such findings as piloerection, peripheral vasoconstriction, and peripheral cyanosis without muscle movement, 2: presence of muscle activity observable in single muscle group, 3: presence of muscle activity in more than 1 muscle group, 4: presence of significant muscle activity observed in the whole body) were recorded immediately before anesthesia, in 5-min intervals after the induction of anesthesia, and in 10-min intervals in PACU [12]. Patients with 3 or more tremor score were administered 25 mg meperidine intravenously.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, vasoconstriction time, and vasoconstriction threshold that triggers the central temperature were estimated with the help of recorded temperatures. Tsk was estimated with [0.3 (Tchest + Tarm) + 0.2 (Tthigh + Tcalf)] formula [12]. Tb was calculated with [0.64 × Tcentral + 0.36 × Tskin] formula [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate solution intake on thermoregulation

et al. 2013

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BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the oral carbohydrate solution administered preoperatively on thermoregulation.Material/MethodsThe study included 40 female patients under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group CONT (stopped oral implementation 8 h before the operation) and Group CHO (800ml oral carbohydrate fluid 8 h before the operation and 400ml oral carbohydrate fluid 2 h before the operation). Patients were monitored as standard and temperature probes were placed. Temperatures were recorded immediately before anesthetics induction, 5 min after the anesthetics induction, and in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) every 10 min. Mean skin temperature (Tsk), mean body temperature (Tb), and vasoconstriction threshold were estimated.ResultsIn general, we observed a decrease in tympanic temperature and Tb following anesthetic administration in groups, and increase in Tsk, and an increase in all 3 of these levels in the recovery unit. Tympanic temperature was significantly higher at 25, 55, 65, and 95 min after induction in Group CONT compared to Group CHO (p<0.05). Tsk was found to be lower in Group CONT compared to Group CHO in almost all periods. In PACU, it was found that the tympanic temperature was higher in Group CONT compared to Group CHO at 60 min (p<0.05). Postoperative shivering score was found to be significantly higher in Group C (p<0.01). Vasoconstriction threshold was higher in Group CONT than Group CHO.ConclusionsOral carbohydrate solution administered was established to have effects thought to be negative on tympanic temperature, vasoconstriction, and vasoconstriction threshold.

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Mean Skin Temperature During Anaesthesia: An Assessment of Formulae in the Supine Surgical Patient

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of body mass index on perioperative thermoregulation

The effect of body mass index on perioperative thermoregulation

Forced‐air surface warming versus oesophageal heat exchanger in the prevention of peroperative hypothermia

Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate solution intake on thermoregulation

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