We conclude that in major abdominal procedures lasting 2 h or more, serious hypothermia develops unless effective measures to prevent hypothermia are used. Forced-air warming of the upper part of the body is effective in maintaining normothermia in these patients, while central heating with an oesophageal heat exchanger, at least in its present form, does not suffice to prevent hypothermia.
SUMMARY Chronic non‐malignant pain is often treated inadequately because of opiophobia. There is no scientific justification for this fear. With close monitoring and frequent controls, opioids are safe for this kind of pain. There is no scientific evidence that patients with chronic non‐malignant pain are more prone to addiction or tolerance. It is also pertinent to consider that the endpoint of chronic pain treatment is not just freedom from pain but global wellbeing.
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