Mealtime habits and risk of developing the metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance among Mexican adults

Abstract

Meals are an important source of food intake, contributing to body weight and health status. Previous studies have examined the relationship between isolated mealtime behaviours and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to examine the influence over time of ten interrelated mealtime habits on the risk of developing the MetS and insulin resistance (IR) among Mexican adults. We conducted a prospective cohort study with a sample of 956 health workers. The Mealtime Habits Quality (MHQ) scale is based on four mealtime situations (availability of time to eat, distractions while eating, environmental and social context of eating, and familiar or cultural eating habits), which were used to assess the participants' MHQ at the baseline (2004-2006) and follow-up (2010-2012) evaluations. The MetS was assessed using criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IR was defined using the homoeostasis model assessment. Crude and adjusted relative risks were calculated to estimate the relationship between MHQ and the risk of developing the MetS or IR. Participants classified in the lower MHQ category had an 8·8 (95 % CI 3·1, 25) and 11·1 (95 % CI 3·4, 36·1) times greater risk of developing the MetS (using the NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria, respectively), and an 11·2 times (95 % CI 3·9, 31·5) greater likelihood of developing IR, compared with those in the higher MHQ group. This prospective study reveals that individuals who engaged in more undesirable than recommended mealtime behaviours had a >10-fold risk of developing the MetS or IR.

Dietary support in insulin resistance: An overview of current scientific reports

“…12 times higher risk of IR, while those with an average score had about 5 times higher risk of IR compared to the group with high MHQ scores. 59 Studies concerning meal frequency during the day and their calorific value have provided interesting observations in small research groups. Confirmation in larger randomized trials is needed in order to use the findings as a basis for formulating a diet for insulin-resistant people.…”

Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding and Dawn-to-Sunset Fasting on Circadian Rhythm, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Mealtime and cultural eating habits, the quantity, and type of foods ingested can adversely affect health status and increase the likelihood of developing obesity and related complications. For example, it was recently shown that subjects that were in a low mealtime habits quality group (mealtime habits quality was based on mealtime circumstances including whether there was time for eating, distraction during food intake, and environmental, social, or cultural habits) had significantly higher risk for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance [ 34 ]. Conversely, subjects who were in high mealtime habits quality group were deemed to be at lower risk for adversity [ 34 ].…”

“…For example, it was recently shown that subjects that were in a low mealtime habits quality group (mealtime habits quality was based on mealtime circumstances including whether there was time for eating, distraction during food intake, and environmental, social, or cultural habits) had significantly higher risk for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance [ 34 ]. Conversely, subjects who were in high mealtime habits quality group were deemed to be at lower risk for adversity [ 34 ]. As such, the mechanisms by which mealtime influences adverse outcomes, or conversely, can ameliorate adverse outcomes, such as by modulating circadian rhythm, demand further investigations.…”

Serum Fatty Acids Chemical Characterization after Prolonged Exposure to a Vegan Diet

“…[11] A direct relationship has been reported between environmental and sociocultural factors around the Mexican diet with dyslipidemia (high TG and low HDL-C). [25] These factors may also be affecting local vegan-diet consumers. Nevertheless, our statistical result for TG may be interpreted with caution.…”