Dietary support in insulin resistance: An overview of current scientific reports

Abstract

Over the past 30 years, a significant increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) has been observed. It is associated with more frequent occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, excessive weight, cardiovascular diseases, and endocrine disorders. The results of current studies do not indicate a necessity to exclude dairy products from the diet of insulin-resistant individuals. In addition, it has been found that moderate amounts of alcohol as part of a balanced, low-energy diet do not have a negative effect on insulin sensitivity. The authors of recent studies emphasize the importance of reducing the intake of simple sugars, especially from sweet drinks, sweets and excessive fruit juice consuption. Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of consuming complex, low-glycemic-index carbohydrates that are rich in dietary fiber. An insulin-resistant patient's diet should be rich in whole grains and high amounts of non-starchy vegetables and raw fruit. The beneficial effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet) and the Mediterranean diet has been confirmed. The positive correlation between low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate diets requires confirmation in long-term studies with the participation of insulinresistant patients. Research shows the benefits of increased calorific intake during the first half of the day, especially from a high-energy and low-glycemic-index breakfast. Furthermore, many researchers indicate that slow and mindful eating is a significant component of an appropriate diet for insulin-resistant individuals.

Nutritional Imbalances in Adult Celiac Patients Following a Gluten-Free Diet

“…Unbalanced diets rich in SFA lead to health problems such as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), or insulin resistance (IR) in all individuals, general and celiac population [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In fact, it has been observed that people with CD show higher risk of death from CVD [ 52 ].…”

The Effects of Curcuma longa in Insulin Resistance

“…is related to lower insulin sensitivity of the body tissues composed of insulin-dependent cells, such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes. The insulin plays a crucial role in glucose entry into cells, and any disturbance in insulin signal sociated with hyperglycemia This disorder that has been shown to be correlated to stress and overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is strongly linked to inflammation states [1] that occur due to metabolic disturbances involving glucose intolerance, leptin resistance, dyslipidemias, mitochondrial dysfunction, an increase in pro inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress [9,11]. It can also be explained by the creation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) due to chronic hyperglycemia.…”

“…Insulin resistance (IR) is a consequence of abnormal functioning and signaling of insulin receptors, an excessively high level of insulinbinding antibodies, or an abnormal insulin molecule structure [1]. This condition manifests impaired insulin action in all insulin target organs and tissues as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, adipose tissue, the brain as well as the vasculature [2,3].…”

“…This condition manifests impaired insulin action in all insulin target organs and tissues as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, adipose tissue, the brain as well as the vasculature [2,3]. Therefore it is clinically seen as metabolic stress that leads to high blood glucose, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1,4,5].…”

Influence of Diet Behavior on Insulin Resistance in Hypertensive Black Sub-Saharan Africans: A Multicentric, Cross-Sectional Study

“…Alongside cardiovascular disease, its prevalence increases with an epidemic scale, as a result of an ongoing epidemiological transition in populations lifestyle inherent in globalization [19] [20] [21]. Furthermore, the results of various studies suggest a link between diet and insulin resistance both in humans [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] and in laboratory animals [27] [28] [29]. The link between diet and CVDs could be explained, at least World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases in part, by an association between diet pattern and IR.…”