mcr-1 Gene in Latin America: How Is It Disseminated Among Humans, Animals, and the Environment?

Lentz, Silvia Adriana Mayer; Dalmolin, Tanise Vendruscolo; Barth, Afonso Luís; Martins, Andreza Francisco

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.648940

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Cassettes with the Tn6330 structure are generally mobilized by IncHI2 plasmids; however, E. coli has been reported harboring mcr-1 into hybrid plasmids containing the incompatible types IncHI1A and IncHI1B in Asia [ 47 , 48 ]. Up to now, only four plasmids have been described to carry the mrc-1 gene in Latin America: IncX4, IncP, IncI2 and IncHI2 [ 49 ]. On other hand, some E. coli genomes from chicken and pigs presented mcr-1 carried by the IncI2 plasmid lacking the IS Apl1 copies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

et al. 2022

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Resistance to colistin generated by the mcr-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern due to its efficient worldwide spread. Despite the fact that the Lima region has a third of the Peruvian population and more than half of the national pig and poultry production, there are no reports of the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock. In the present work, we studied the occurrence of E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene in chicken and pig farms in Lima between 2019 and 2020 and described the genomic context of the mcr-1 gene. We collected fecal samples from 15 farms in 4 provinces of Lima including the capital Lima Metropolitana and recovered 341 E. coli isolates. We found that 21.3% (42/197) and 12.5% (18/144) of the chicken and pig strains were mcr-1-positive by PCR, respectively. The whole genome sequencing of 14 mcr-1-positive isolates revealed diverse sequence types (e.g., ST48 and ST602) and the presence of other 38 genes that confer resistance to 10 different classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactamase blaCTX-M-55. The mcr-1 gene was located on diverse plasmids belonging to the IncI2 and IncHI1A:IncHI1B replicon types. A comparative analysis of the plasmids showed that they contained the mcr-1 gene within varied structures (mikB–mcr1–pap2, ISApl1–mcr1–pap2, and Tn6330). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in livestock in Peru, revealing its high occurrence in pig and chicken farms. The genetic diversity of mcr-1-positive strains suggests a complex local epidemiology calling for a coordinated surveillance under the One-Health approach that includes animals, retail meat, farmers, hospitals and the environment to effectively detect and limit the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

et al. 2022

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“…Although resistance to tigecycline has been reported in 29.3% of E. coli strains isolated from organic chicken farms (Musa et al, 2021), the authors did not rule out the possibility of an environmental origin for the resistant strains. In contrast, resistance to colistin has been detected in several investigations in the poultry production chain, including in Brazil (Lopes et al, 2020;Lentz et al, 2021), with frequencies ranging from 1.8% (Perrin-Guyomard et al, 2016;Pesciaroli et al, 2020) to as high as 57.94% (Barbieri et al, 2021) and 79.8% (Irrgang et al, 2016). In addition, food animals have been suggested as possible reservoirs and spreaders of genes that confer resistance to this class of antimicrobials (Irrgang et al, 2016;Perrin-Guyomard et al, 2016;Guenther et al, 2017;Monte et al, 2017;Yassin et al, 2017;Bitrus et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance profiles in Escherichia coli isolated from whole-chicken carcasses from conventional, antibiotic-free, and organic rearing systems

Vieira

Oliveira

Cibulski

et al. 2022

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern in human and animal health. Public discussions on these issues have contributed to an increased demand for antibiotic-free food. Studies comparing the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria in foodstuffs originating from farming systems with restrictions on the use of antimicrobials are scarce. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles of generic Escherichia coli isolated from whole chickens originating from farming systems with and without restrictions on the use of antimicrobials. For this purpose, three groups of E. coli strains were formed: (GC) from chickens reared in conventional production systems, without restriction on the use of antimicrobials (n=72); (GL) from chickens reared in farming systems certified as free of any antibiotic use (n=72); and (GO) from chickens from an organic farming system (n=72). Whole chicken units were individually rinsed as recommended by ISO 17604:2015, and E. coli was isolated from the rinse suspension. To evaluate the resistance profile, E. coli strains were tested against 12 antimicrobials using broth microdilution or disk diffusion tests. Eighty strains (40.7%) were found to be fully susceptible to the tested antimicrobials, and 23.6% were multidrug resistant. The highest frequencies of resistance were observed to tetracycline (GC=37,5%; GL=34,7%; GO=25%) and trimethoprim (GC=27,8%; GL=34,7%; GO=22,2%). In the case of multidrug resistant strains, GC presented 32% (n=23) of strains with multidrug resistance characteristics whereas the GL and GO groups presented 22% (n=16) and 17% (n=12), respectively. As for the totally susceptible strains, a frequency of 56% of Tsus strains was observed in the organic group, whereas this frequency was 33% in the GC and GL groups. Using GC as a reference, the Poisson regression model showed a higher occurrence of fully susceptible E. coli strains, as well as lower frequencies of multidrug resistance and resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid in GO. The GL group exhibited the lowest frequency of ampicillin resistance. These observations suggest that the lower selection pressure for antimicrobial use in the farming system may be reflected in the resistance profile of bacteria present in foodstuffs purchased by consumers.

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“… 7 According to literature reports, the mcr -mediated polymyxin resistance rate in clinical cases is about 1%, and the polymyxin resistance rate caused by bacterial chromosome mutation is 0.67%-1.6%. 8 Although the antibiotic resistance rate of colistin in population is not high, with the global spread of colistin resistance gene mcr , the clinical application of colistin is under serious threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbapenemase- and Colistin Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Children in China: High Genetic Diversity and First Report of blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-65, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1, and mcr-1.1 Genes Co-Occurrence in E. coli ST156

Zhang¹,

Fang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background The emergence of carbapenem and colistin co-resistant Escherichia coli poses a huge challenge to infection control. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the carbapenems and colistin co-resistance in E. coli strains. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by agar dilution methods and colistin resistance was confirmed by broth microdilution methods. Whole genome sequencing was carried out, and resistance genes, sequence types and virulence genes of carbapenems and colistin co-resistance E. coli isolates were analyzed. Results The results showed that among the 176 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains, 5 multidrug resistant E. coli strains exhibiting coresistance to carbapenem and colistin. The main mechanism of 5 E. coli strains in this study was generating carbapenem. Four E. coli strains were mcr- positive, while one mcr -negative strain had a new MgrB mutation. The bla NDM-5, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-10, bla TEM-1 and mcr-1.1 genes were simultaneously detected in E. coli 20IR1127 strain belonging to ST156 lineage. Other antimicrobial resistance genes encoding aminoglycosides-, sulfonamide-, chloramphenicol-, tetracyclines- and macrolides resistance were also detected. Conclusion The main mechanisms of carbapenem and colistin resistance were encoded by bla NDM and mcr1.1 , meanwhile mgrB mutations also contribute to colistin resistance. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report of E. coli ST156 strain in which the bla NDM-5 , bla CTX-M-65 , bla OXA-10 , bla TEM-1 and mcr1.1 genes coexist. In addition, there is also an E. coli ST457 strain, which carries bla TEM-1 , bla NDM-9 , bla CTX-M-199 and is positive for mcr1.1 gene.

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mcr-1 Gene in Latin America: How Is It Disseminated Among Humans, Animals, and the Environment?

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

Antimicrobial resistance profiles in Escherichia coli isolated from whole-chicken carcasses from conventional, antibiotic-free, and organic rearing systems

Carbapenemase- and Colistin Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Children in China: High Genetic Diversity and First Report of blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-65, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1, and mcr-1.1 Genes Co-Occurrence in E. coli ST156

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